CLONES AVANZADOS DE PAPA (Solanum tuberosum L.) PARA RENDIMIENTO Y RESISTENCIA A RANCHA (Phytophthora infestans) (Mont.) DE Bary

La rancha es el factor limitante más importante en la producción de papa. A nivel mundial ésta enfermedad ha alcanzado proporciones epidémicas en muchas áreas y siendo el control químico una medida preventiva y no una cura, es necesario incluir variedades con resistencia a la rancha dentro de un plan de manejo integrado de la enfermedad. Los objetivos principales fueron determinar los grados de resistencia y determinar los clones que representan buen rendimiento. Se utilizó como material experimental, clones avanzados de la población A, los clones fueron evaluados para resistencia al tizón tardío bajo condiciones de alta incidencia de la enfermedad en campo. El diseño experimental utilizado es de BCR con 4 repeticiones y 30 tratamientos, Durante el periodo vegetativo se efectuaron 6 lecturas del porcentaje de infección a partir de los 45 días con intervalos de 7 días para determinar el ABCPE como parámetro de resistencia, En cuanto al tubérculo se evalúo rendimiento: (kg/planta). Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que todos los clones se vieron afectados en diferentes grados de resistencia y rendimiento siendo seleccionados los clones por el alto nivel de resistencia horizontal a Phytophthora infestans 381403.29, 387093.5, 391133.2, 387096.2 y 39247.19 y altos rendimientos de 37,5, 41,5, 27,4, 38,6 y 42,1 t/ha respectivamente, además, presentaron excelentes características de planta y tubérculo.

Temperature Effects on Tuber Production and Carbohydrates Partitioning in Different Cultivars During Consecutive Stages of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Growth

The main objective of this study was to assess responses of mid-early (Spunta) and mid-late (Bellini) potato cultivars to different temperature regimes during subsequent stages of potato growth. The impact of high temperature (25/22°C day/night), low temperature (18/16°C day/night) and intermediate temperature (20/18°C day/night) was evaluated for different growth stages. Data were obtained for photosynthesis, carbohydrates in leaves, stems and tubers as well as production parameters. Enzyme activities were determined for sucrose-phosphate synthase in leaves, acid invertase in stems and acid and neutral invertases in tubers. Gene expression levels of relevant sugar metabolizing enzymes was quantified.A detailed correlation analysis revealed a strong impact of the expression level of sugar metabolizing enzymes in leaves on the final number of tubers per plant.Whereas total tuber yield increases with temperature, the number of tubers per plant was highest under low temperature conditions. Our data suggest an important role of the temperature on the length of the different growth stages.

Factors affecting the decision of potato farmers in adopting superior seeds in Bener Meriah District

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is one of the horticultural commodities with excellent opportunities for agribusiness and agroindustry development. The use of high-quality seeds and appropriate technology is still far from the reach of farmers. Generally, potato farmers in the Bener Meriah District use potato seeds from the previous production, but some consistently use superior seeds in every cultivation activity. This study analyses the factors that made farmers adopt superior seeds for potatoes in Bener Meriah. Based on the study results, the variables of age, education level, length of farming, land area, and the number of dependents had no significant effect on adopting superior potato seeds in Bener Meriah. At the same time, the variables of access to capital and farmer participation have a significant effect on farmers’ decisions to adopt superior potato seeds in Bener Meriah.

Growth and production of potato mini tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the aeroponic system by root zone treatment and concentration of leaf-fertilizer

This study was conducted to increase the growth of potato and its mini tuber yield by root zone treatment and the concentration of leaf-fertilizer in the aeroponics system. This research was done at Experimental Farm of The Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Syiah Kuala from October 2019 until July 2020. There were 2 levels of root zone treatment; control (without cooling) and root zone cooling. Meanwhile the concentration of leaf-fertilizer consists of 5 levels; control, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 1500 ppm and 2000 ppm. The results showed that the root zone treatment significantly affected the plant dry weight. The heaviest plant dry weight obtained from the plant grown in root zone cooling treatment. The concentration of leaf-fertilizer very significantly affected the plant dry weight, which the best concentration of 500 ppm produced 751.28 mg plant-dry-weight. There was a very significant effect at a combination of root zone treatment and concentration of leaf-fertilizer on plant dry weight, which the best treatment was found in a combination of root zone cooling and 500 ppm concentration of leaf-fertilizer. The plant with that treatment produced mini tuber, while the others did not.