Sub-Additive Recursive ‘Matching’ Noise and Biases in Risk-Weighted Index Calculation Methods in Incomplete Markets with Partially Observable Multi-Attribute Preferences

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. I. Nwogugu
Keyword(s):  
Incomplete Markets ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Weighted Index ◽  
Partially Observable ◽  
Index Calculation

scholarly journals SUB-ADDITIVE RECURSIVE "MATCHING" NOISE AND BIASES IN RISK-WEIGHTED INDEX CALCULATION METHODS IN INCOMPLETE MARKETS WITH PARTIALLY OBSERVABLE MULTI-ATTRIBUTE PREFERENCES

2013 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 1350020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL C. I. NWOGUGU
Keyword(s):  
Incomplete Markets ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Index Tracking ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Tracking Errors ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Partially Observable ◽  
Securities Laws ◽  
Weighting Methods ◽  
Index Calculation

While indices, index tracking funds and ETFs have grown in popularity during then last ten years, there are many structural problems, tracking errors and biases inherent in index calculation methodologies and the legal/economic structure of ETFs, which raise actionable issues of "suitability" and "fraud" under US securities laws. This article contributes to the existing literature by: (a) introducing and characterizing the errors and biases inherent in "risk-adjusted" index-weighting methods and the associated adverse effects; (b) showing how these biases/effects reduce social welfare, and can facilitate harmful arbitrage activities; (c) introducing new theorems.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Competitiveness of Statistical Regions in Latvia Using Official Statistical Information

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-164
Author(s):  
Ilze Judrupa ◽  
Maija Šenfelde ◽  
Vytautas Juščius
Keyword(s):  
Development Policy ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Regional Competitiveness ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Policy And Strategy ◽  
Competitiveness Index ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
Index Calculation

There is a lack of methodologically grounded and generally accepted regional competitiveness’ evaluation method in Latvia. Common feature of the research about nature of competitiveness is that competitiveness of a region depends on how high and sustainable the level of prosperity in the region is. The analysis of scientific literature showed, that most often synthetic indexes are used to evaluate competitiveness of a region. Methodology to evaluate regional competitiveness was developed and approbated in case of Latvia. To identify the most appropriate method for competitiveness index calculation, Regional Competitiveness Index (RCI) according to two different methods was calculated in the research. The results obtained were similar, but each of index calculation methods has its own advantages and disadvantages and the choice of the appropriate method will depend on the researcher's goals and objectives. Use of relative weights in index calculations affects the obtained results, therefore, necessity of relative weights must be economically justified. It was proven that regional competitiveness cannot be characterized by such simple indicators as GDP or GDP per capita. RCI shows the level of competitiveness of Latvia’s statistical regions, it is possible to compare regions in time and among each other. It allows to form regional development policy and strategy more reasonably.

Evaluation of two common vulnerability index calculation methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Cogswell ◽  
Blair J.W. Greenan ◽  
Philip Greyson
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Index Calculation

Design of Online Monitoring and Evaluation System for Master Station Running Status

2014 ◽  
Vol 986-987 ◽  
pp. 1486-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Yu ◽  
Wei Jin Zhuang ◽  
Jin Liu ◽  
Pan Xu ◽  
Hai Feng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Online Monitoring ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Specific Index ◽  
Master Station ◽  
Index Calculation

The increase of data access capacity and data types of the power grid leads to a more complex and varied grid running environment. Hence, in order to guarantee the running security of the master station, an online monitoring and evaluation system based on index system for master station is proposed in this paper. It can construct a dynamic evaluation model and complete automated collection, analysis, scoring and evaluation of indexes by using specific index calculation methods. Moreover, this system can provide comprehensive interface display for evaluation results and achieve online alarming for the abnormal situations of the master station. This system offers a new and effective way to guarantee the safe and reliable running of the master station.

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