scholarly journals Preliminary Assessment of Nitrous Oxide Offsets in a Cap and Trade Program

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Ribaudo ◽  
Jorge Delgado ◽  
Mike J. Livingston
2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Ribaudo ◽  
Jorge Delgado ◽  
Michael Livingston

Nitrous oxide is a powerful greenhouse gas that is emitted from cropland treated with nitrogen fertilizer. Reducing such emissions through nutrient management might be able to produce offsets for sale in a cap and trade program aimed at reducing greenhouse gases. We use the Nitrate Leaching and Economic Analysis Program (NLEAP) model and data from the Agricultural and Resource Management Survey to examine what changes in rate, timing, or method of application a farmer would take to produce offsets. We find that reducing the application rate is the most favored approach for producing offsets. We also find that some management choices may increase nitrate losses to water.


Limnetica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 623-637
Author(s):  
Miguel Álvarez-Cobelas ◽  
Salvador Sánchez-Carrillo

1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet B. Klein

Formal articulation test responses are often used by the busy clinician as a basis for planning intervention goals. This article describes a 6-step procedure for using efficiently the single-word responses elicited with an articulation test. This procedure involves the assessment of all consonants within a word rather than only test-target consonants. Responses are organized within a Model and Replica chart to yield information about an individual's (a) articulation ability, (b) frequency of target attainment, substitutions, and deletions, (c) variability in production, and (d) phonological processes. This procedure is recommended as a preliminary assessment measure. It is advised that more detailed analysis of continuous speech be undertaken in conjunction with early treatment sessions.


JAMA ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 194 (10) ◽  
pp. 1146-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. F. Foldes
Keyword(s):  

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