MDCT Imaging of Non-Traumatic Thoracic Aortic Emergencies and Its Impact on Diagnosis and Management—A Reappraisal

Non-traumatic thoracic aorta emergencies are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Diseases of the intimomedial layers (aortic dissection and variants) have been grouped under the common term of acute aortic syndrome because they are life-threatening conditions clinically indistinguishable on presentation. Patients with aortic dissection may present with a wide variety of symptoms secondary to the pattern of dissection and end organ malperfusion. Other conditions may be seen in patients with acute symptoms, including ruptured and unstable thoracic aortic aneurysm, iatrogenic or infective pseudoaneurysms, aortic fistula, acute aortic thrombus/occlusive disease, and vasculitis. Imaging plays a pivotal role in the patient’s management and care. In the emergency room, chest X-ray is the initial imaging test offering a screening evaluation for alternative common differential diagnoses and a preliminary assessment of the mediastinal dimensions. State-of-the-art multidetector computed tomography angiography (CTA) provides a widely available, rapid, replicable, noninvasive diagnostic imaging with sensitivity approaching 100%. It is an impressive tool in decision-making process with a deep impact on treatment including endovascular or open surgical or conservative treatment. Radiologists must be familiar with the spectrum of these entities to help triage patients appropriately and efficiently. Understanding the imaging findings and proper measurement techniques allow the radiologist to suggest the most appropriate next management step.

Fabrication and preliminary assessment of aramid reinforced polymer composite material

A knowledge of the material constituents and fabrication process is generally required for easing the composite material properties study and characterization. This paper presents the methodology of aramid reinforced polymer composite material preliminary assessment and fabrication. The demonstration is carried out through the development of mechanical properties characterization specimen. The composite material specimen is fabricated by utilizing the open mould with hand lay-up method, where three types of laminates include of unidirectional, orthotropic, quasi-isotropic cross plies are demonstrated. A template is applied for preparing specific fibre orientation 45°angle. Plies are lay accordingly with guided by a square guide for minimizing the off-orientation angle defect. Preliminary assessment is included of verification of unidirectional aramid fabric quality, cured specimen physical defect, internal defect through micrography analysis and material volume fraction prediction. Average specimen fibre volume fraction of 0.64 is predicted by determined the fibre filament geometry detail through micrography analysis. There are several fabrication defects had been identified. The defect identification findings shall be referred for further improvement of material preparation and fabrication method.

Route measurements of natural surface radiation background in the Almaty region

Measurements of the spatial distribution of radon isotopes were carried out from April 2021 to August 2021 in the foothills of the Trans-Ili Alatau of the Tien Shan in the Almaty region at various heights above sea level: from 500 to 2500 meters. They were carried out using electronic radiometric equipment: beta-dosimeter “RKS-01B-SOLO”; gamma dosimeter “RKS-01G-SOLO”; radiometer of radon and its daughter decay products “RAMON- 02” in the field. As a result, preliminary assessment schemes were built for route measurements of the 222Rn radon isotope, beta and gamma radiation fields from natural daughter products of decay of radon isotopes and radionuclides located in the surface atmospheric layer.