scholarly journals Regulatory Techniques in Consumer Protection: A Critique of European Consumer Contract Law

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oren Bar-Gill ◽  
Omri Ben-Shahar
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
Consumer Contract ◽  
European Consumer

scholarly journals What's law got to do with it? Is consumer law the solution to problems faced by student tenants?

Legal Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Emily Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Consumer Contract ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Consumer Law ◽  
Legal Advice ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
Private Renting

Abstract This paper examines the extent to which law and regulation protects students renting from private individuals or private companies, as opposed to universities, in both of the main types of student accommodation, the private rented sector (PRS) and purpose-built student accommodation (PBSA). It first examines the different problems faced by students in both tenure types, notably issues of repair and the failure of PBSA providers to complete accommodation in time for the beginning of term. Secondly, it considers consumerisation of private renting and the extent to which a consumer protection law approach can assist tenants generally, and students specifically. Thirdly, the paper explains how power relationships between students and landlords and issues with access to legal advice restrict access to justice for student as tenants. It is argued that whilst consumer contract law and consumer protection law have something to offer student tenants (particularly in PBSA) a generic consumer approach to the rights of tenants is insufficient because the nature of the landlord and tenant relationship inhibits access to legal redress. It is concluded that in addition to improved consumer protections, a proactive approach by both local authorities and universities could significantly improve the experiences of students.

scholarly journals Contratos de compraventa de bienes (Directiva 2019/771) y suministro de contenidos o servicios digitales (Directiva 2019/770) – ámbito de aplicación y grado de armonización = Sale of goods (Directive 2019/771) and supply of digital content and digital services (Directive 2019/770) – scope and degree of harmonisation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 930
Author(s):  
Jorge Morais Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
Digital Content ◽  
Official Journal ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Consumer Contract ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Consumer ◽  
Digital Services ◽  
Scope Of Application

Resumen: La Directiva 2019/770, relativa a determinados aspectos de los contratos de suministro de contenidos y servicios digitales, y la Directiva 2019/771, relativa a determinados aspectos de los contratos de compraventa de bienes, publicadas en el Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea en mayo de 2019, representan un hito muy importante en el Derecho contractual europeo en materia de consumo. En el presente texto se analiza el ámbito de aplicación de estos dos instrumentos jurídicos y se destaca el margen de arbitrio que tienen los Estados miembros, señalando los aspectos en los que habrá que modificar el Derecho nacional, en algunos casos reduciendo el nivel de protección de los consumidores.Palabras clave: consumidor, compraventa de bienes, contenido digital, servicio digital, Direc­tiva 2019/770, Directiva 2019/771.Abstract: Directive 2019/770 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the supply of digital content and digital services and Directive 2019/771 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the sale of goods, published in the Official Journal of the European Union in May 2019, represent a very impor­tant milestone in European consumer contract law. Throughout this text, an analysis is carried out of the scope of application of these two legal instruments, highlighting the margin of discretion that Member States have and pointing out aspects where national law will have to be modified, in some cases by re­ducing the level of consumer protection.Keywords: consumer, sales contract, digital content, digital services, Directive 2019/770, Di­rective 2019/771.

scholarly journals (Conflict) Principles of European (Consumer) Contract Law – an Update

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 957-967
Author(s):  
Gralf-Peter Calliess
Keyword(s):  
Action Plan ◽  
German Law ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
Green Paper ◽  
Consumer Contract ◽  
European Contract ◽  
Consumer Law ◽  
European Consumer ◽  
Rome Convention ◽  
European Civil Code

In April 2003 I commented on the European Commission's Action Plan on a More Coherent European Contract Law [COM(2003) 68 final] and the Green Paper on the Modernisation of the 1980 Rome Convention [COM(2002) 654 final]. While the main argument of that paper, i.e. the common neglect of the inherent interrelation between both the further harmonisation of substantive contract law by directives or through an optional European Civil Code on the one hand and the modernisation of conflict rules for consumer contracts in Art. 5 Rome Convention on the other hand, remain pressing issues, and as the German Law Journal continues its efforts in offering timely and critical analysis on consumer law issues, there is a variety of recent developments worth noting.

scholarly journals “Cláusulas de permanencia”, prácticas comerciales desleales, y estrategias competitivas a la luz de ciertos contratos con operadoras móviles en España: Una visión holística del asunto

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna María Ruiz Martin
Keyword(s):  
Standard Form ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
Consumer Contract ◽  
Consumer Law ◽  
European Consumer ◽  
Business To Consumer ◽  
Telephone Operators ◽  
Telecommunications Market ◽  
Business To Business

En el contenido de determinadas “condiciones generales de la contratación” establecidas en contratos de adhesión, y en concreto, de algunas compañías de telefonía móvil, es una práctica común, la inclusión de cierta “cláusula predispuesta” que por sus características y tras el análisis realizado en esta contribución podrían llegar a considerarse como una cláusula abusiva. Por otro lado, podrían además, tener la condición de práctica comercial desleal según lo establecido en la Ley 3/1991 de Competencia desleal española, atendiendo a lo dispuesto en la Directiva de prácticas comerciales desleales. El análisis pretende poner de relieve estos dos aspectos que están relacionados con otro problema de fondo. La dificultad y falta de mecanismos adecuados entre el reproche de deslealtad y el reproche que se hace en el ámbito del Derecho de los contratos de consumo Business to Consumer-B2C de abusividad a ciertas prácticas. De otro lado, se analiza de forma sucinta, si la inclusión de estas cláusulas podría considerarse como una estrategia competitiva en el Mercado de las Telecomunicaciones de tipo Business to Business-B2B por aquellos operadores que las predisponen en sus contratos de adhesión frente a los operadores, que siendo de menor tamaño, no las predisponen en estos mismos contratos. General Conditions of the Contracts, which are included in certain Adhesion contracts (Standard Form Contracts) and are drafted by the telephone operators companies, include a very special kind of clauses, “retention covenants”. These clauses constitute a limitation for the users and consumers, which also it refrain them to withdrawal the contract with the Mobil operator. One of the drawbacks is that, these legal conditions are allowed to the detriment of the weaker party, the consumer. According to the analysis, these kinds of clauses can be also constitutive of aggressive practices typified in the current Spanish Unfair competition Act and the European Consumer Law, stressing the problems between the connection between the unfair commercial practices and Consumer Contract Law, i.e.: considering these clauses not only as abusives but also unfairs. Moreover, these practices from a Business-to-Business (B2B) approach could be considered an anti-competitive practice, because by means of its establishemnt in these contracts, are hampering the competition, in the Telecommunications Market

scholarly journals Coherence and Consistency in European Consumer Contract Law: a Progress Report

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gralf-Peter Calliess
Keyword(s):  
Contract Law ◽  
Francis Bacon ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Consumer Contract ◽  
Acquis Communautaire ◽  
European Consumer ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Substantive Justice ◽  
Political Governance

“Certainty is so essential, that law cannot even be just without it”, Francis Bacon once observed in the good old times. In the context of the general 20thcentury's trend from formal to substantive justice, however, policy objectives such as distributive justice, democratic political governance, or effective transnational regulation increasingly came to the focus of private law legislation. The rise of “consumerism” in contract law istheparadigmatic example of this development, which – at least from a German perspective – was triggered mainly by European measures on the harmonisation of private laws. While all intellectual capacities were absorbed by “regulating contracts” in the light of the new principle of “contractual solidarity”, the basic need of a legal system for overall consistency as a prerequisite for the administration of justice (“treating like cases alike”) obviously got out of sight. The critique with regard to pointillism and eclecticism in the European approach to private law harmonisation (“piecemeal legislation”), which lead to the patchwork character of the acquis communautaire, is a common place today, even within the European Commission. However, the conclusion, that has to be drawn, is not formulated straight forward: As consistency goes, arbitrariness comes, an inconsistent law is a contradictio in adjecto.

scholarly journals The Relevance of the European Consumer Protection Law for the Development of the European Contract Law

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Francesco A Schurr
Keyword(s):  
European Community ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Contract ◽  
Consumer Law ◽  
European Consumer ◽  
Business To Consumer ◽  
Further Development ◽  
European Contract Law

This paper deals with the interaction of consumer law and contract law in the European Union. Over the last two decades the European legislature has adopted many legislative measures in the field of consumer protection that were designed to strengthen the single market and to avoid distortion of competition. Thus the European legislature tried to approximate or harmonise consumer protection standards within the European Community and consequently created a new layer of supranational contract law which now coexists with the traditional national contract law regimes. The paper assesses the various types of contract law on the international, supranational and national levels and discusses the problems arising from the fact that the contract law in the European Community is so diverse. Directive 2005/29/EC on Unfair Business-to-Consumer Commercial Practices is discussed as a very prominent recent product of European Community consumer legislation. The paper points out how the development of European consumer law serves as a catalyst for the further development of a genuine European contract law.

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