scholarly journals A Formal Behavioral Model of Firm Boundaries: Why Does Authority Relation Mitigate Ex Post Adaptation Problems?

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Mori
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Firm Boundaries ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Authority Relation

scholarly journals The Boundaries of the Firm Revisited

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bengt Holmström ◽  
John Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Transaction Cost Economics ◽  
Firm Boundaries ◽  
Investment Incentives ◽  
Asset Ownership ◽  
Boundaries Of The Firm ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Satisfactory Account ◽  
Rights Theories

Both transaction cost-economics and property-rights theories offer explanations of the boundaries of the firm based on ideas of ex post bargaining and holdup. These theories are quite distinct in their empirical predictions, but neither offers a satisfactory account of a large variety of observed practices. The authors discuss a number of such examples, where the boundaries of the firm seem to be determined by factors other than the need to protect investments, and where other mechanisms than the allocation of asset ownership are used to provide investment incentives. These examples indicate the need to enrich their theory of firm boundaries.

The econometric analysis of retail rents in Singapore

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 620-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Hin David Ho ◽  
Mun Wai Ivan Ho ◽  
Mei Ling Christina Quek
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Correction Term ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Dynamic Structures

Purpose Primarily based on Alonso’s bid-rent model, the purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamics of the Singapore’s overall retail rental market by adopting a vector error correction model (VECM) estimation. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses the proxy for the overall retail rental value, which is indicated by a combination of the shop rent index from 2004 to 2013 and the retail rent index (RRI) in 2014, maintained by the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA). The independent factors are the real gross domestic product (GDP), monthly earnings of individuals and vacancy rates (VR). Findings Such a behavioral model examines the dynamic structures that overshoot and/or diverge from equilibrium. Research limitations/implications The variables LOGGDP and VR are co-integrated of order one, I(1), while variables LOGME and LOGSRI are co-integrated of order two, I(2), to enable them to be employed in the VECM model. Practical implications The VECM model shows a good fit that allows the error correction term (ecm) together with the economic, financial and rental variables to jointly explain about 79.2 percent of the variation in the overall RRI. With a positive CoinEq1 coefficient that is positive and statistically significant at 5 percent level, it would take a long time for the system to return to its equilibrium once it has been shocked. Another variable that shows significant explanatory relationships includes past rents (index points) in the second order lags [D(LOGSRI(−2))]. The variable [D(LOGGDP(−3))], with a significant t-statistic value at 2.916, also helps to explain the changes in the overall rents. Social implications This paper highlights the importance of the first and third differences of the lagged macroeconomic variables of the monthly earnings of individuals is moderately significant. The VR in the first and second differences is significant in accounting for the variation in changes of overall retail rents with their t-statistics values being above 3.0. It is thus meaningful for policy makers to so enhance their in-depth understanding. Originality/value This paper fulfills an identified need to study how the results from the ex post forecasting estimates from the VECM for overall retail rents in Singapore can be enabled.

Consumenoid I: A behavioral model of the consumer

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilham T. Moran ◽  
Lawrence Light ◽  
Martin K. Starr ◽  
Kenneth A. Longman
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Model

Hidden “holes” in the capital of banks and the supply of credit to the real sector of economy

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Mamonov
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Loan Loss ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Real ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The One

Our analysis documents that the existence of hidden “holes” in the capital of not yet failed banks - while creating intertemporal pressure on the actual level of capital - leads to changing of maturity of loans supplied rather than to contracting of their volume. Long-term loans decrease, whereas short-term loans rise - and, what is most remarkably, by approximately the same amounts. Standardly, the higher the maturity of loans the higher the credit risk and, thus, the more loan loss reserves (LLP) banks are forced to create, increasing the pressure on capital. Banks that already hide “holes” in the capital, but have not yet faced with license withdrawal, must possess strong incentives to shorten the maturity of supplied loans. On the one hand, it raises the turnovers of LLP and facilitates the flexibility of capital management; on the other hand, it allows increasing the speed of shifting of attracted deposits to loans to related parties in domestic or foreign jurisdictions. This enlarges the potential size of ex post revealed “hole” in the capital and, therefore, allows us to assume that not every loan might be viewed as a good for the economy: excessive short-term and insufficient long-term loans can produce the source for future losses.

Hubungan Pola Asuh Orang Tua dengan Psychological Self Concept Anak Dalam Kegiatan Pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Tarmidzi Tarmidzi
Keyword(s):  
Self Concept ◽  
P Value ◽  
Ex Post

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur hubungan pola asuh orang tua terhadap psychological self concept anak usia sekolah dasar serta menganalisis psychological self concept anak usia sekolah dasar sesuai tipe pola asuh orang tuanya.  Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode Penelitian Ex Post Facto.Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 30 orang tua dan siswa SD Negeri 2 Kemantren Kabupaten Cirebon.  Berdasarkan hasil uji korelasi Pearson Product Moment (rppm) didapatkan nilai korelasi r = 0,301 dengan interpretasi hubungan yang rendah antara pola asuh orang tua dengan psychological self concept siswa.  Sedangkan P-Value yang didapat = 0,106 (P-Value> 0,01)  sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pola asuh orang tua dengan psychological self concept siswa.  Meskipun terdapat orang tua yang memiliki pola asuh otoriter, tetapi psychological self concept anaknya tetap dalam interpretasi baik. Kata kunci :     Pola Asuh Orang Tua;Psychological Self Concept

Qualitative Survey of Graduate Practice — An Intervention for Young Unemployed Jobseekers in Slovakia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 910-918
Author(s):  
Lucia Svabova ◽  
◽  
Vladimir Borik ◽  
Marek Durica ◽  
Johanna Grudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Active Labour Market Policy ◽  
Potential Employer ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Active Labour

Active labour market policy interventions are vide used tool of a government against unemployment. One of the most frequently used intervention for young jobseekers in Slovakia is a Contribution for Graduate practice. This measure is intended for young unemployed jobseekers as a tool of gaining first contact with the open labour market and with potential employer and gaining first work experiences. In this paper we present a qualitative survey of Graduate practice that was made as an ex-post evaluation of this intervention by its participants in Slovakia. This evaluation of the intervention was carried out at the request of the European Commission not only in Slovakia but also in several countries of the European Union. The qualitative evaluation, as a part of this rigorous intervention evaluation, provides feedback from the real intervention participants and brings some suggestions to improve the parameters and conditions of Graduate practice intervention and its realization. These improvements are useful not only for participants themselves, for companies in which young graduates are employed but also for the state budget in the form of returned or saved invested funds because of better functioning of the intervention. Based on the results of this feedback from its real participants, some parameters, conditions and details of the Graduate practice intervention have been changed and added in Slovakia.

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