Doctrine of Boundary by Agreement Requires Actual Agreement

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Bernhardt
Keyword(s):  
Actual Agreement

Marital Perceived Agreement and Actual Agreement Over the Family Life Cycle

1987 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
James M. White
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Family Life Cycle ◽  
The Family ◽  
Actual Agreement

Actual Agreement Contractualism

Dialogue ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID BORMAN
Keyword(s):  
Moral Theory ◽  
Social Cooperation ◽  
Actual Agreement ◽  
The Way ◽  
Thomas Scanlon

In this paper, I defend a metaethical position described as ‘actual agreement contractualism’: the view that norms arise from actual attempts to arrive at legitimate terms for social cooperation among all those affected. I distinguish the actual agreement approach from hypothetical approaches to contractualism, and defend the former against objections from Thomas Scanlon, in particular. The attractiveness of a focus on actual agreements, I argue, is seen in the way it resolves problems internal to the hypothetical approach as well as in its implications for the purpose of moral theory and for the obligation to justify our actions to others.

scholarly journals A remark on Béjar & Kahnemuyipour 2017: Specificational subjects do have phi-features

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUTTA M. HARTMANN ◽  
CAROLINE HEYCOCK
Keyword(s):  
Subject Position ◽  
Correct Analysis ◽  
Agreement Morphology ◽  
Copular Sentences ◽  
Specificational Sentences ◽  
Actual Agreement

In a number of languages, agreement in specificational copular sentences can or must be with the second of the two nominals, even when it is the first that occupies the canonical subject position. Béjar & Kahnemuyipour (2017) show that Persian and Eastern Armenian are two such languages. They then argue that ‘NP2 agreement’ occurs because the nominal in subject position (NP1) is not accessible to an external probe. It follows that actual agreement with NP1 should never be possible: the alternative to NP2 agreement should be ‘default’ agreement. We show that this prediction is false. In addition to showing that English has NP1, not default, agreement, we present new data from Icelandic, a language with rich agreement morphology, including cases that involve ‘plurale tantum’ nominals as NP1. These allow us to control for any confound from the fact that typically in a specificational sentence with two nominals differing in number, it is NP2 that is plural. We show that even in this case, the alternative to agreement with NP2 is agreement with NP1, not a default. Hence, we conclude that whatever the correct analysis of specificational sentences turns out to be, it must not predict obligatory failure of NP1 agreement.

An Overlooked Problem in Turkish–Russian Relations: The 1878 War Indemnity

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Milgrim
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Actual Agreement

The 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War left the Ottoman Empire burdened with a new debt that was to play a crucial role in the relations between Russia and Turkey in subsequent years. Diplomatic and financial histories, however, have largely overlooked this indemnity for a number of reasons. Foremost among them is the timing of the ratification of the indemnity treaty. The actual agreement governing the procedure for the payment of the indemnity was drawn up four years after the San Stefano negotiations and the Congress of Berlin. While monographs concerned with these events mention the indemnity, they fail to follow it up. Second, in the post-Berlin period the European bondholders of the Ottoman Public Debt were primarily interested in securing control over the administration of the revenues servicing their debt. The indemnity, however, remained apart from those revenues ceded to the Ottoman Public Debt Administration. The standard financial histories naturally concentrate on the projects of the bondholders and refer to the indemnity only in passing.

The Corporation as Actual Agreement

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon G. Sollars
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Moral Justification ◽  
Personal Projects ◽  
Personal Value ◽  
Actual Agreement

Abstract:In contrast to “social contract” theories of the corporation, a moral justification of the corporation as actual, not hypothetical, agreement is presented. Central to the justification is the idea of personal projects, as developed by Loren Lomasky. The key idea is the role that corporations can play in the construction and advancement of personal, value-creating projects. The concept of the corporation as actual agreement, as a type of “right of association” theory, is defended against influential criticism of such theories by Thomas Donaldson.

CAVEAT EMPTOR VERSUS KHIYAR AL-'AYB

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-230
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ma'sum Billah
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Commercial Law ◽  
Caveat Emptor ◽  
Actual Agreement

It is an obligation in any commercial (sale-purchase) transaction thatprior to entering into an agreement, the seller is to allow the buyer toinspect the goods, in order to ensure that they are free from any unknowndefect. Such an obligation on the seller is known in common law ascaveat emptor.' The doctrine, in other words, gives the buyer a right todetermine whether the goods to be purchased are free from any defectbefore the actual agreement is completed, so as to protect him from anyfuture risk from a defective product. Thus, this doctrine implies that thebuyer, after such inspection or investigation of the fitness of such goods,will shoulder the responsibility of any risk on the goods after the conclusionof the said sale and purchase agreement. Jowitt's Dictionary ofEnglish Law explains that a buyer must be on the alert, for he has no rightto remain in ignorance of the fact that what he is buying belongs to someoneother than the vendor and that any buyer who fails to investigate thevendor's title does so at his own risk.However, caveat emptor does not imply any obligation on the seller topoint out a defect in the goods to be sold.3 He is, therefore, only obligedto allow the buyer or purchaser to investigate the goods himself andnothing more. The buyer, in h s case, can decide before any sale andpurchase agreement whether to carry out such an inspection on the goodsto be sold. The buyer is then at liberty whether to exercise this means ofprotection against any defective goods! Islamic law also provides sucha safeguard against any defective products or goods in a sale and purchaseagreement. The Islamic doctrine which allows such safeguard iscalled in Islamic commercial terminology khiyur al-'ayh. Thus, underIslamic commercial law, the seller, in a sale and purchase agreement, is ...

Patients’ perceptions of caregivers’ preference for comfort care at the EOL: Impact on DNR completion.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9521-9521
Author(s):  
Kalen Michele Fletcher ◽  
Holly Gwen Prigerson ◽  
Paul K Maciejewski
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Advanced Cancer Patients ◽  
Comfort Care ◽  
Coping With Cancer ◽  
Order Completion ◽  
Advance Care ◽  
Eol Care ◽  
Actual Agreement

9521 Background: Research has shown that informal caregivers provide substantial psychosocial and material support to advanced cancer patients. Few studies have examined how family caregivers influence patients’ advance care planning. Here we test whether patients’ perceptions of their caregivers’ preference for comfort (vs. life-extending) end-of-life (EOL) care is associated with DNR order completion. We also evaluated whether caregivers’ actual agreement with patients on preference for comfort EOL care was associated with their rates of DNR order completion. Methods: Coping with Cancer II is an NCI –funded, multi-site, prospective cohort study of patients with advanced cancer and their informal family caregivers. Patients are interviewed after receiving restaging scan results and asked if they would prefer a plan of EOL care focused on life-extension or one focused on relieving pain. Patients are also asked what type of EOL care they think their family caregivers would prefer for them and whether or not a DNR order has been completed for them. Caregivers are interviewed separately after patients receive restaging scan results and asked what type of EOL care they would want for the patient. Results: Based on patient data alone (N=72), patients who preferred comfort care at the EOL and who believe that their family caregiver agrees with them on this were significantly more likely than others to report DNR order completion (OR=3.67, p=0.013). Based on data from both patients and caregivers, patients’ perception of agreement with their caregivers on desire for comfort EOL care was more strongly associated with patients’ reports of DNR completion (rs=0.51, p=0.004) than was actual agreement with their caregivers on desire for comfort EOL care (rs=0.36, p=0.045). Conclusions: Patients who prefer comfort care to life-extending care at the EOL, and who think that their caregivers also want them to pursue comfort care, are more likely to have a DNR order completed. Interestingly, patients’ perception of this agreement had a stronger influence on DNR completion than the caregivers’ actual agreement with patients’ preference for comfort EOL care. DNR completion is influenced by patients’ perceptions of family support.

scholarly journals Identifying and processing the gap between perceived and actual agreement in breast pathology interpretation

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 717-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A Carney ◽  
Kimberly H Allison ◽  
Natalia V Oster ◽  
Paul D Frederick ◽  
Thomas R Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Pathology ◽  
Actual Agreement
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