The Impact of Access to Consumer Data on the Competitive Effects of Horizontal Mergers

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Hyuk Kim ◽  
Liad Wagman ◽  
Abraham L. Wickelgren
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Mergers ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Consumer Data ◽  
The Impact

10. Mergers and acquisitions

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-117
Author(s):  
Ariel Ezrachi
Keyword(s):  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Market Structure ◽  
Market Power ◽  
Joint Ventures ◽  
Potential Benefit ◽  
Horizontal Mergers ◽  
Administrative System ◽  
The Us ◽  
Vertical Mergers ◽  
The Impact

‘Mergers and acquisitions’ discusses mergers and acquisitions. While of potential benefit to society, mergers, takeovers, share acquisitions, and joint ventures also affect the market structure, and at times may reduce competition. When markets become more concentrated following a merger, we move further away from a competitive market structure to a structure in which market power might undermine the competitive process. To address this risk, the competition agency must assess the impact of the transaction. There are important procedural differences between the European administrative system and the US system in terms of the appraisal of mergers and acquisitions. Other types of mergers include: horizontal mergers, vertical mergers, and conglomerate transactions.

scholarly journals Using rival effects to identify synergies and improve merger typologies

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Clougherty ◽  
Tomaso Duso
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Event Study ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Horizontal Mergers ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Market Data ◽  
Merger Activity ◽  
The Us ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Impact

Differentiation of collusive and efficiency-based synergies in horizontal mergers has proven difficult. The authors propose a theory-backed methodological approach to classify mergers that yields greater information on merger types and merger effects. Moreover, the methodological approach distinguishes between mergers characterized largely by collusion-based synergies and those characterized largely by efficiency-based synergies. Crucial to the proposed method is that it considers the impact of merger events not only on merging firms, as is common in the literature, but also on non-merging rivals. The authors demonstrate how the proposed approach clarifies the nature of merger activity through an event-study procedure based on stock market data on samples of large horizontal mergers drawn from the US and UK (an Anglo-American sub-sample) and from the European continent the authors demonstrate how the proposed schematic clarifies the nature of merger activity.

scholarly journals The impact of the EU-ETS on the aviation sector: Competitive effects of abatement efforts by airlines

2018 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 20-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Consuelo R. Nava ◽  
Linda Meleo ◽  
Ernesto Cassetta ◽  
Giovanna Morelli
Keyword(s):  
Eu Ets ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Competitive Effects of Glyphosate-Resistant and Glyphosate-Susceptible Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) on Young Grapevines (Vitis vinifera)

Weed Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Alcorta ◽  
Matthew W. Fidelibus ◽  
Kerri L. Steenwerth ◽  
Anil Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
The Impact

Horseweed is a common pest in vineyards of the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) of California. Interest in controlling this weed has increased with the recent discovery of a glyphosate-resistant (GR) biotype that has been observed to be more vigorous than a glyphosate-susceptible (GS) biotype in the SJV. However, the impact that either biotype may have on grapevine growth has not been assessed. Therefore, two glasshouse experiments were conducted to characterize the competitiveness of GR and GS horseweed biotypes from the SJV with young grapevines. ‘Syrah’ grapevines grafted to Freedom rootstocks were planted in 8-L plastic pots, alone, or with a single GR or GS horseweed. Additional GR and GS horseweeds were also planted separately in individual pots, and all plants were grown for 14 and 16 wk in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Grapevines grown with either biotype of the weed produced fewer leaves and amassed approximately 20% less dry mass (DM) than vines grown alone. The GR biotype reduced grapevine stem DM and length by 30%, but the GS biotype did not. The GR biotype accumulated more than twice the DM as the GS biotype, whether in competition with grapevine or not. Grapevines reduced the total leaf number of both horseweed biotypes by almost 50% and aboveground DM of GR and GS biotypes by 50 and 75%, respectively. These preliminary findings indicate that competition from horseweed can substantially reduce the growth of young grapevines and that the GR biotype may be more competitive than the GS biotype.

Designing Pricing Strategy for Operational and Technological Transformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 2706-2734
Author(s):  
Vineet Kumar ◽  
Yacheng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Service Time ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Heterogeneous Preferences ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Current Consumption ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Consumer Data ◽  
Multidimensional Screening ◽  
The Impact

We examine how operational or technological transformation impacts consumer value, as well as the effectiveness of a firm’s pricing strategies. We develop a model of multidimensional screening featuring forward-looking consumers who make short-run consumption and long-run purchase decisions. Using a detailed panel of consumer data from a rental-by-mail firm, we estimate consumer utility for current consumption, obtaining heterogeneous preferences for bunching and smoothing consumption. Using counterfactual analysis, we evaluate the impact of improving service time. We find that the firm with improved service time might create more value for all consumers, but its profits and even revenues could diminish because value extraction becomes more difficult. We find a novel mechanism that causes this effect, which is driven by increased consumer heterogeneity in the valuation for each product and reduced differentiation across products. This result persists even when the firm can reoptimize its price levels based on the service time. We find that a change in the pricing strategy might be required for the firm to obtain higher revenue with improved service time. This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.

Competitive Effects of Joint Ventures in the International Airline Industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110363
Author(s):  
Guofu Tan ◽  
Yinqi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Joint Ventures ◽  
Airline Industry ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Single Carrier ◽  
International Data ◽  
New Applications ◽  
International Airline ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Hypothesis

In the past two decades, many international airline carriers have expanded their cooperation by forming various joint ventures (JVs). One key feature of these JVs is that they require carriers to determine certain airfares jointly and integrate their operations as a single carrier in the market for international air travel. This paper tries to evaluate the impact of JVs on airfares. The focus is on a set of behind-to-gateway markets between a non-gateway U.S. city and a foreign gateway city, where both online and codeshare flights are offered, to study how the airfares of online flights are affected after carriers form JVs. A new hypothesis is discussed that JVs increase the airfares of online flights. Based on this hypothesis, an empirical model is built to evaluate the Oneworld alliance’s transatlantic JV established in July 2010. This empirical analysis, which uses the U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT)’s Airline Origin and Destination Survey (DB1B) international data from 2008 to 2013, indicates that the Oneworld transatlantic JV increased airfares of online flights by about 3%–4% in the behind-to-gateway markets. Previous studies, which emphasized the airfare reductions of codeshare flights in the connecting markets, may have overestimated the benefits to consumers from JVs. U.S. DOT can better protect consumers by evaluating plausible airfare increases in online flights in the behind-to-gateway markets when reviewing new applications for JVs.

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