A novel algorithm for software defined networks model to enhance the quality of services and scalability in wireless network

Software defined networks (SDN) have replaced the traditional network architecture by separating the control from forwarding planes. SDN technology utilizes computer resources to provide worldwide effective service than the aggregation of single internet resources usage. Breakdown while resource allocation is a major concern in cloud computing due to the diverse and highly complex architecture of resources. These resources breakdowns cause delays in job completion and have a negative influence on attaining quality of service (QoS). In order to promote error-free task scheduling, this study represents a promising fault-tolerance scheduling technique. For optimum QoS, the suggested restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) approach takes into account the most important characteristics like current consumption of the resources and rate of failure. The proposed approach's efficiency is verified using the MATLAB toolbox by employing widely used measures such as resource consumption, average processing time, throughput and rate of success.

Physics Students’ Conceptual Understanding of Electricity and Magnetism in Nine Years Basic Education in Rwanda

We investigate students’ misconceptions in electrostatics, direct current (DC) and magnetism which are important in electricity and magnetism. We developed and administered a multiple-choice questionnaire test to reveal students’ misconceptions related to charged bodies, lightning, electric fields, electric potential, forces, DC resistive electric circuits and magnets. This test aimed at obtaining quantitative information about misconceptions and was administered to 380 senior two students from Nine Year Basic Education (9YBE) Schools. The selected students have some experience with the new Rwandan secondary physics Competence Based Curriculum (CBC) that is currently under implementation. We find that senior two students have several common misconceptions related to these concepts. The data indicate that although students have some backgrounds on the subject matter, they still seem to believe that if the two charges are separated by a distance, a large-charged object exerts a greater force of attraction or repulsion on the small one. Considerable number of participated students held the misconception of considering current consumption in the resistor/bulb or the electrical devices in the circuits. They also believed that the battery was a continuous current source. The findings also revealed that students held a misconception that a bar magnet when broken into pieces, it is demagnetized. Moreover, a considerable number of participants hold the misconception that all metals are attracted by a magnet. Our study also revealed some of the statistically significant differences in terms of either gender or location of schools for some items.

The Agro-Waste Production in Selected EUSAIR Regions and Its Potential Use for Building Applications: A Review

The purpose of this study is to provide a snapshot of the agro-waste production in Puglia, Molise, Albania and Montenegro, some of the regions belonging to EUSAIR (ADRIATIC-IONIAN REGIONS) correlating this aspect to the possible use of agro-waste in the building sector. EUSAIR is a functional area, facing the Adriatic sea, treating the marine, coastal and terrestrial areas as interconnected systems. In the first part of the paper, the state of the art about the current consumption of agricultural biomass is carried out referring to the ongoing research lines. It was shown that a great number of international studies have demonstrated that the agro-waste plays an important role in several fields. Moreover, several researchers conducted studies on hygrothermal, physical and acoustical properties of building materials made with biomass proving the potentiality to use this kind of by-product. Then, the state of the art regarding the production and current way of disposal of the agro-waste in the regions of the EUSAIR above mentioned was performed in order to outline the possible by-products which are suitable to be re-used in the building sector. The correlation existing between the agro-waste and the possible use in the building sector is finally presented, focusing on the legislative framework currently existing in each of the regions.

Childhood eating practices are relevant to ultra-processed food consumption in adulthood: results from the Nutritionists’ Health Study

Studies on childhood feeding and current food consumption, according to the NOVA classification, in adults are scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between childhood dietary practices and the current consumption of different categories of processed foods in young adults using data from the Nutritionists’ Health Study (NutriHS) cohort. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data of 392 on nutrition undergraduate students or nutritionists aged ≥18 years. Current food consumption was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and the NOVA classification. The investigated childhood eating practices included fruit and vegetable intake, exclusive breastfeeding, and other breastfeeding practices. Participants breastfed with introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft foods before 6 months had higher current consumption of processed foods than those who were not breastfed (β = 4.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.56–8.04) and those who did not have the habits of eating fruits and vegetables during childhood consumed less unprocessed and minimally processed foods in adulthood than those who ate fruits and vegetables during infancy (β = −3.76; 95% CI = −0.82 to −6.70). Further, later introduction of infant formula or other types of milk between 3 and 5 months of age had a lower current consumption of ultra-processed foods than those fed infant formula or other types of milk before 1 month age of life (β = −3.09; 95% CI = −6.12 to −0.06). In conclusion, childhood feeding practices were linked to food consumption in adult life in NutriHS cohort, highlighting that the first 1000 days of life seems to impact on food choices during adulthood, with potential to protect against nutrition-related diseases later in life.

The Way Forward: Is Sustainable Development Realistic?

This final chapter addresses the future of sustainable development. Given the fact that current consumption in developed countries is unsustainable, and a similar level of consumption in developing countries would be devastating from an environmental perspective, a shift in development is necessary. This chapter touches upon peoples’ human needs and discusses to which extent unsustainable consumption is a necessity for happiness. Alternative approaches to GDP in measuring a country’s success, like Gross National Happiness (BNH) and the Happy Planet Index, are discussed. Shifting focus from an increased consumption of natural resources to more attention on development associated with social issues like well-being, health, and happiness will be addressed. This chapter concludes with how sustainable development and happy people are realistic, but it will require a shift associated with revised business models, metrics, and goals.

A Low-Band Multi-Gain LNA Design for Diversity Receive Module with 1.2 dB NF

This paper presents and discusses a Low-Band (LB) Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) design for a diversity receive module where the application is for multi-mode cellular handsets. The LB LNA covers the frequency range between 617 MHz to 960 MHz in 5 different frequency bands and a 5 Pole Single Throw (5PST) switch selects the different frequency bands where two of them are for the main and three for the auxiliary bands. The presented structure covers the gain modes from −12 to 18 dB with 6 dB gain steps where each gain mode has a different current consumption. In order to achieve the Noise Figure (NF) specifications in high gain modes, we have adopted a cascode Common-Source (CS) with inductive source degeneration structure for this design. To achieve the S11 parameters and current consumption specifications, the core and cascode transistors for high gain modes (18 dB, 12 dB, and 6 dB) and low gain modes (0 dB, −6 dB, and −12 dB) have been separated. Nevertheless, to keep the area low and keep the phase discontinuity within ±10∘, we have shared the degeneration and load inductors between two cores. To compensate the performance for Process, Voltage, and Temperature (PVT) variations, the structure applies a Low Drop-Out (LDO) regulator and a corner case voltage compensator. The design has been proceeded in a 65-nm RSB process design kit and the supply voltage is 1 V. For 18 dB and −12 dB gain modes as two examples, the NF, current consumption, and Input Third Order Intercept Point (IIP3) values are 1.2 dB and 16 dB, 10.8 mA and 1.2 mA, and −6 dBm and 8 dBm, respectively.

College Students’ Mental Health Climbing Consumption Model Based on Nonlinear Differential Equations

College students continue to improve their consumption levels due to compassion or vanity, but it not only increases the financial burden of the family, but is also not conducive to their personal health. In order not to affect the mental health of college students, to solve the problem of mutual comparison consumption, this paper establishes differential equation models to describe this phenomenon, from qualitative and quantitative angles to interpret and predict the results of comparison consumption. The results show that the current consumption behaviour of college students also has a reasonable place for being unreasonable, mainly from college students’ own and living environment.

Solar powered a wearable Electrocardiography (ECG) device with battery storage

In this article, we propose a wearable ECG device that can be continuously powered by both the sun and artificial lighting via battery charging. The ECG signal acquired by the AD8232 wearable sensor associated with Arduino Nano is sent to the smartphone via Bluetooth. To study the feasibility of solar powered wearable gadget, we have conducted several experiments to analyze the charging speed in both outdoor and indoor conditions. For fully charging 1200 mAh battery, the two solar panels require periods of 5 - 11 hours and 1698 - 1942 hours for outdoor and indoor conditions respectively. The study has shown that the indoor charging is far ineffective as compared to outdoor charging due to spectral mismatch. The current consumption of the device is low and the fully charged battery can act as a buffer to sustain the device for 48 ∼ 60 hours without the need of any further charging.

Information supply of expert system for assessing operating modes and technical condition of electrical equipment

The article discusses the issues of information and algorithmic support of the expert system for assessing the operating modes and technical condition of electrical equipment. The peculiarities of the considered diagnostic method is the analysis of diagrams that are highly sensitive to insignificant deviations of the values of the signal parameters (current consumption) from the reference values, as well as stability during the analysis period. The results of computer modeling and experimental research of electrical equipment are described in order to obtain a set of reference diagrams. The possibility of using the method in intelligent systems of electrical equipment real-time monitoring is shown.