Brazilian Railways Relations of Production Density, Scale, Scope and Efficiency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Gildemir Ferreira Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Density Scale

Self-consistent variation of the critical density scale length due to the ponderomotive force

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Montes ◽  
O Willi
Keyword(s):  
Ponderomotive Force ◽  
Critical Density ◽  
Consistent Variation ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Density Scale ◽  
Scale Length

Effect of Plasma Density Scale Length on Energetic Protons Generation in Laser-Plasma Interaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 083201
Author(s):  
阿不都热苏力 A. Abudurexiti ◽  
艾尔肯·扎克尔 A. Zaker ◽  
帕尔哈提·吐尼亚孜 P. Tuniyazi
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Density ◽  
Laser Plasma ◽  
Plasma Interaction ◽  
Laser Plasma Interaction ◽  
Density Scale ◽  
Scale Length

scholarly journals How do the Stellar Disc and Thick Disc Stop?

1996 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 681-687
Author(s):  
A.C. Robin ◽  
M. Crézé ◽  
V. Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Stellar Population ◽  
Stellar Disc ◽  
Population Sampling ◽  
Thick Disc ◽  
Sampling Program ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
Density Scale ◽  
Scale Length

As part of a stellar population sampling program, a series of photometric probes at various field sizes and depths have been obtained in a low extinction window in the galactic anticentre direction. Very deep CCD frames probe the most external parts of the disc, providing strong evidence that the galactic density scale length for the old disc population is rather short (2.5 kpc) and drops abruptly beyond 5.5-6 kpc.Deeper frames in the I band allow to estimate photometric distances and confirm the position of the disk edge. A few stars are found at larger distances. Their number is exactly what we expect if the thick disk does not have any cutoff. We discuss the implications for the formation and evolution of the disc, for the star formation threshold, and for the origin of the thick disc population.

Development of Non-Aqueous/Low Density Scale Inhibitor Package for Down-hole Squeeze Treatments

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Chen ◽  
Bjorn Juliussen ◽  
Olav Vikane ◽  
Harry Montgomerie ◽  
Ronald Benvie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Density Scale

Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Stark-Verbreiterung der Balmer-Linien Hα und Hβ / Experimental Investigation of the Stark Broadening of the Balmer Lines Hα and Hβ

1973 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1794-1800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horst Ehrich ◽  
Hans Jürgen Kusch
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Stark Broadening ◽  
Pulsed Discharge ◽  
Empirical Correction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Balmer Lines ◽  
Empirical Correction Factor ◽  
Density Scale

The profiles of the Stark broadened Balmer lines Hα and Hβ have been measured in a wide range of temperature and electron density. By the use of different light sources (3 wallstabilized arcs of different design, a pulsed discharge tube and a plexiglass-capillary discharge) the range was ex- tended to 1.0·104≦T≦3.2·104 °K for the plasma temperature and to 1·1016≦ne≦55·1016 cm−3 for the electron density in the Hβ-scale. The experimental profiles of the Hα-line agree with generalized impact approximations if the condition: ne2/3/T>2·107 cm−2 grad−1 is fulfilled. Disagreements between the Hα and Hβ electron density scale can be removed applying an empirical correction-factor to the electron density obtained from the half-width of Hα.

Radial structure of electron drift waves and anomalous transport in the edge plasma

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
J LV Lewandowski
Keyword(s):  
Edge Plasma ◽  
Tokamak Plasma ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Drift Waves ◽  
Electron Drift ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Mode Amplitude ◽  
Radial Structure ◽  
Density Scale ◽  
Toroidal Geometry

The radial structure of electron drift waves in a low-pressure tokamak plasma is presented. The ions are cold and an electrostatic approximation for the fluctuating potential is used. It is shown that the problem of the radial structure of drift waves in toroidal geometry is amenable to a two-step solution; in first approximation, the radial structure of the mode is neglected and the problem to be solved is the usual eigenmode equation along the (extended) poloidal angle; in second approximation, the mode amplitude is expanded in ascending powers of the parameter (k⊥Ln)-1/2 , where k⊥ is the magnitude of the lowest-order wavevector and Ln is the radial density scale length. It is shown that the radial structure of drift-type modes can depend strongly on the magnetic shear and the scalar magnetic curvature. Numerical calculations for plasma parameters relevant to the edge region of medium-size tokamaks are presented. PACS Nos.: 52.35Kt, 52.30Jb, and 52.35Ra

Effect of the Plasma Density Scale Length on the Direction of Fast Electrons in Relativistic Laser-Solid Interactions

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 1459-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. K. Santala ◽  
M. Zepf ◽  
I. Watts ◽  
F. N. Beg ◽  
E. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Density ◽  
Fast Electrons ◽  
Laser Solid Interactions ◽  
Density Scale ◽  
Scale Length

scholarly journals ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION OF THE RADIO ASTRONOMY FLUX DENSITY SCALE AT 22 TO 43 GHz USINGPLANCK

2016 ◽  
Vol 821 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Partridge ◽  
M. López-Caniego ◽  
R. A. Perley ◽  
J. Stevens ◽  
B. J. Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flux Density ◽  
Radio Astronomy ◽  
Absolute Calibration ◽  
Density Scale

scholarly journals A COMMON SURFACE-DENSITY SCALE FOR THE MILKY WAY AND ANDROMEDA DWARF SATELLITES AS A CONSTRAINT ON DARK MATTER MODELS

2015 ◽  
Vol 803 (1) ◽  
pp. L11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohei Hayashi ◽  
Masashi Chiba
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Surface Density ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Density Scale

scholarly journals Simulations of energetic proton emission in laser–plasma interaction

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURENT POMMIER ◽  
ERIK LEFEBVRE
Keyword(s):  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Hot Electrons ◽  
Rear Side ◽  
Laser Irradiance ◽  
Laser Plasma Interaction ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Short Laser Pulses ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
Density Scale

Energetic protons are emitted from thin foils irradiated by short laser pulses at high intensities. One- and two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations have been used to study the influence of initial proton position, laser irradiance, and target density profile on this ion acceleration. These simulations bring additional support to the idea that protons are mainly accelerated from the rear side of the target, by electrostatic fields associated with hot electrons escaping into vacuum. The density scale length at the front of the target appears to be the main parameter to increase proton energies when the laser irradiance is fixed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document