Assessment of the level of pollution of water bodies of the Denezhkin kamen reserve by the Shemur field

Waste produced during the extraction of minerals can cause various environmental problems. One of which is polluting underground and surface waters. The purpose of the article is to assess the level of pollution of water bodies of the Denezhkin Kamen reserve by the Shemur ore field. To assess the level of pollution, individual and complex pollution indices, statistical parameters and the ʺQuartileʺ method for calculating emissions are used. An analysis of the geological structure of the territory and physical and geographical conditions of the area was carried out; the level of pollution was assessed; the main causes of pollution were determined; the main pollutants were identified. The waters flowing through the reserve are not polluted they are polluted near the reserve borders. Pollutants are carried downstream over long distances and get into the intakes of local settlements. In the Bannaya River basin, the pollution area is about 80 km; in the Olkhovka River basin, the pollution area is about 60 km. There is a dependence in the change in the concentration of pollutants on seasonality and weather conditions. The main pollutants are those that are contained in large quantities in the overburden rocks of the deposit. Additional studies are required using a sampling program, which was not available during the current studies.

Effects of Measuring Devices and Sampling Strategies on the Interpretation of Monitoring Data for Long-Term Trend Analysis

A thorough and reliable assessment of changes in sea surface water temperatures (SSWTs) is essential for understanding the effects of global warming on long-term trends in marine ecosystems and their communities. The first long-term temperature measurements were established almost a century ago, especially in coastal areas, and some of them are still in operation. However, while in earlier times these measurements were done by hand every day, current environmental long-term observation stations (ELTOS) are often fully automated and integrated in cabled underwater observatories (UWOs). With this new technology, year-round measurements became feasible even in remote or difficult to access areas, such as coastal areas of the Arctic Ocean in winter, where measurements were almost impossible just a decade ago. In this context, there is a question over what extent the sampling frequency and accuracy influence results in long-term monitoring approaches. In this paper, we address this with a combination of lab experiments on sensor accuracy and precision and a simulated sampling program with different sampling frequencies based on a continuous water temperature dataset from Svalbard, Arctic, from 2012 to 2017. Our laboratory experiments showed that temperature measurements with 12 different temperature sensor types at different price ranges all provided measurements accurate enough to resolve temperature changes over years on a level discussed in the literature when addressing climate change effects in coastal waters. However, the experiments also revealed that some sensors are more suitable for measuring absolute temperature changes over time, while others are more suitable for determining relative temperature changes. Our simulated sampling program in Svalbard coastal waters over 5 years revealed that the selection of a proper sampling frequency is most relevant for discriminating significant long-term temperature changes from random daily, seasonal, or interannual fluctuations. While hourly and daily sampling could deliver reliable, stable, and comparable results concerning temperature increases over time, weekly sampling was less able to reliably detect overall significant trends. With even lower sampling frequencies (monthly sampling), no significant temperature trend over time could be detected. Although the results were obtained for a specific site, they are transferable to other aquatic research questions and non-polar regions.

Implementasi Program Bimbingan Mengaji dalam upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca AL-Qur’an Mahasiswa Universitas Pamulang Tangerang Selatan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa peningkatan kemampuan mengaji mahasiswa melalui program Kampus Unpam Mengaji (KUM) di Universitas Pamulang Tangerang Selatan meliputi pengelolaan, metode dan upaya yang dilakukan kampus dalam meningkatkan kemampuan mengaji mahasiswa Unpam. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif analisis. Teknik pemilihan informan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, Program mengaji Universitas Pamulang merupakan sebuah program pengembangan kurikulum mata kuliah Pendidikan Agama Islam dengan model grassroot bersifat wajib bagi mahasiswa semester awal yang bertujuan untuk memberantas buta huruf Al-Qur’an atau meningkatkan kemampuan membaca Al-Qur’an mahasiswa kepada tingkat yang lebih tinggi. Program ini mendapatkan dukungan oleh rektor dan Ditjen Pendidikan Islam Kementerian Agama, Hasil menunjukkan bahwa metode bimbingan membaca Al-Qur’an di Unpam yang menggunakan metode tahsin dasar I, II, III, dan lanjutan nampaknya belum bisa meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa secara signifikan terutama pada level dasar karena pada praktiknya penggunaan metode ini masih belum fokus dan kurang komprehensif. Hal ini terlihat dari belum adanya kurikulum dan sistem evaluasi yang baku sehingga masing-masing dosen berbeda dalam membimbing dan melakukan ujian tingkatan-tingkatan yang telah ditentukan. Sedangkan bagi mahasiswa potensial yang mempelajari qiraa’ah mujawwad, sebagian besar berhasil meningkat karena dipengaruhi oleh latar belakang pendidikannya dan juga didukung adanya jam belajar tambahan yang dilakukan di rumah dosen pembimbing.

SCAT Delineation of Oiling, Cleanup Verification, Chemical Sampling, Coring, and Mangrove Test Planting, Bodo, Eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria

The Shoreline Cleanup Assessment Technique (SCAT) was effectively applied from 2015 to 2019 during the first stage (Phase 1) of assessment and cleanup of 1000 ha (2471 acres) of intertidal dead mangroves and oiled shorelines in Bodo, Eastern Niger Delta. New SCAT methods and Phase 1 cleanup criteria were developed to delineate oil levels very soft intertidal mud and to monitor clean up efforts. The end goal of Phase 1 was to reduce subsurface oiling less than 35% as visually observed on the water infilling a pit 25–40 cm deep. Oiling levels and cleanup status were documented at 1065 locations with heaviest oil concentrations found in soft muds lining the intertidal channels (2 m tide range). A large-scale chemical sampling program provided contemporaneous pit observations and measured hydrocarbons at 0–5 cm and 15–25 cm depths at 322 sites. There was poor conformance between hydrocarbon analyses and SCAT observations for surface sediments, but better conformance with subsurface chemistry as black and / or brown oil was clearly visible in the pits. Results of SCAT observations and chemical sampling show very high variations throughout the spill affected area and over short distances (5–10 m). A coring study at 30 sites to 2–3 m depths with chemical sampling indicated that oiling is primarily restricted to the upper 40 cm due to water saturated compact deeper sediments inhibiting oil penetration with depth. Lastly, SCAT developed and monitored a mangrove planting program. In spite of high oil levels (TPH over 40,000 at 6 of 7 sites), results from the first year show plant survival at 82% with 46% height growth of the surviving plants. The SCAT Phase 1 findings enabled the definition of the wider scope for remediation and revegetation of the former mangrove areas and will run through the life-cycle of the clean-up project. However, re-pollution remains a challenge to be managed to achieve success.

Genetic evaluation of the unknown contribution of stocked fish in angler catches: a case study using Mulloway Argyrosomus japonicus

Stock enhancement involves the augmentation of wild populations with hatchery-reared recruits. Stock enhancement generally also includes a postrelease monitoring program which tracks stocked individuals within the fishery, and this relies on having a means to identify the likely origin of recaptured fish (e.g., physical, otolith, or genetic tags). This study reports the application of sibship analysis to retrospectively infer the origin of Mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) within stocked estuaries, when other means of identification were not available. Eight cohorts of Mulloway were stocked into two estuaries, across a seven-year period, but only some of the fish released during the program were physically marked with chemical otolith stains. Fish were sampled from stocked estuaries (mostly through an angler-based sampling program) and genotyped for six microsatellite loci, alongside 129 fish sampled from nonstocked estuaries. The presence of multiple sibs within the mixed populations in stocked estuaries was used to infer the origin of captured fish, against a background of sibship for known-origin individuals (verified by otolith marks) and sibship levels within unstocked estuaries. The analysis suggested hatchery-reared fish could have contributed 9% of individuals sampled from the augmented populations (7% when corrected for background sibship). The proportion of fish inferred to be of hatchery origin decreased with size (likely due to mortality and migration), and the expected contribution rates for hatchery-reared fish differed among cohorts. The results highlight that sibship analysis may be useful for retrospective genetic evaluation of stocked estuaries.

Permian source rocks of the onshore and nearshore Carnarvon Basin

A new sampling program of Permian potential source rocks was undertaken to improve knowledge of the Permian petroleum prospectivity in new parts of the Southern Carnarvon and inboard Northern Carnarvon Basins. Presented here are new Rock-Eval data from previously unsampled wells, drillholes and outcrop and new infill sampling between existing data points. Kerogen assemblages of selected intervals were also determined from palynofacies analysis or organic petrography, which suggests the good Permian source rocks are generally dominated by gas-prone kerogens. Possibly terrestrial-derived oil-prone kerogen can also be frequently found in thin intervals of the upper Permian and more rarely in lower Permian in the onshore northern Carnarvon Basin.

Two new species of the genus Ancyronyx Erichson, 1847 from the island of Negros, Philippines (Insecta, Coleoptera, Elmidae)

Two new Elmidae species from the Visayan island of Negros, Philippines, Ancyronyx berghaueri sp. n. and Ancyronyx negrosensis sp. n., are described utilizing an integrative taxonomic approach. The new species are characterized by the color of the femora, body size, and the male and female genitalia. Their habitus and diagnostic characters are described and illustrated in detail with microscopic images and digital line drawings. The morphological species delimitation is supplemented by and congruent with COI and cob mtDNA data of several known species of Ancyronyx from the Philippines and Borneo. The material was obtained in connection with a student thesis, the sampling program of the Ateneo de Manila University Biodiversity Laboratory and from repositories. Specimens were collected at altitudes between 30 m and 800 m above sea level in pristine and slightly disturbed habitats. Their suitability as bioindicators and the use of cob sequences for integrative taxonomic studies are briefly discussed. (ZooBank registration: http://zoobank.org/DE45871B-538D-4C5A-80C1-6FCA0CCC4860)