When You Think More Leads to Less: The Erroneous Belief That Adding Unattractive Items Will Reduce Consumption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heeyoung Yoon ◽  
Tom Meyvis
Keyword(s):  
Erroneous Belief

Mistake, Misrepresentation, and Frustration

2021 ◽  
pp. 264-279
Author(s):  
Karim Ghaly QC
Keyword(s):  
Wide Range ◽  
Erroneous Belief ◽  
Legal Consequences

This chapter focuses on mistake, which can be described as an erroneous belief of parties that wish to enter into a contract. It explains that mistakes determine whether a contract comes into existence at all or whether a written contract is to be interpreted in a manner that appears to run contrary to its text. It also discusses the distinction of mistakes between mistakes as to the terms of the contract or the identity of the contracting parties and mistakes as to the factual and legal assumptions that underlie the contract. This chapter elaborates that mistakes as to terms or identity may give rise to a wide range of legal consequences, depending on the nature of the mistake. It clarifies that a mistake as to the facts or law that underlie an agreement can only affect an apparent contract in a very narrow set of circumstances.

School Nurses Can Improve the Lives of Students With Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Friedman ◽  
Beth Mattey ◽  
Faith Newton
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
School Nurse ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Erroneous Belief ◽  
The Impact

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic illness that is defined and diagnosed by its symptoms: extreme fatigue made worse by physical and mental activity, pain and decreased mental stamina, among others. A long-held, erroneous belief that ME/CFS is not a physiological illness has persisted among some clinicians, leading to the denial of a patient’s physical illness and attributing the symptoms to other causes. The debilitating effects of ME/CFS in the pediatric population can affect all aspects of academic, social, emotional, and physical development. ME/CFS has been diagnosed in children younger than 10 years. Therefore, the school nurse is likely to encounter one or more students in the various stages of this disease, putting the school nurse in a position to ameliorate the impact of this potentially devastating chronic condition.

Note on the Life of Francisco de Cárdenas Valencia

1945 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Eleanor B. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Bibliographical Note ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Erroneous Belief ◽  
History Of

Very little has been known about the life of the seventeenth century Yucatecan historian, Francisco de Cárdenas Valencia, author of the Relación historial eclesiástica de la provincia de Yucatán. He completed this important work on the early colonial history of Yucatan in February, 1639, but although it was known and used by Diego López de Cogolludo and later historians, it remained unpublished for nearly three hundred years. In 1937 it was finally printed in the Biblioteca histórica mexicana de obras inéditas. In his bibliographical note to this edition, Federico Gómez de Orozco tells the history of the manuscript, refuting the erroneous belief that Cárdenas Valencia wrote two works, but he does not give much new data concerning its author.

Delusion

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis A. Sass ◽  
Elizabeth Pienkos
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Reality Testing ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Erroneous Belief ◽  
Sense Of Reality ◽  
Wish Fulfillment ◽  
Everyday Reality ◽  
Core Self ◽  
Phenomenological Psychopathology

This chapter offers an overview of the phenomenological approach to delusions, emphasizing what Karl Jaspers called the "true delusions" of schizophrenia. Phenomenological psychopathology focuses on theexperienceof delusions and the delusional world. Several features of this approach are surveyed, including emphasis on formal qualities of subjective life (e.g., mutations of time, space, causality, self-experience, or sense of reality) and questioning of standard assumptions about delusions as erroneous belief (the traditional doxastic view, or "poor reality-testing" formula). The altered modalities of world-oriented and self-oriented experience that precede and ground delusions in schizophrenia, especially the experiences of revelation that Klaus Conrad termed the outer and innerapophany, are then discussed. The chapter first considers the famous "delusional mood" (feelings of strangeness and tension, and a sense of tantalizing yet ineffable meaning ), then the role of ipseity-disturbance (altered minimal or core self, of the basic, pre-reflective sense of existing as a unified and vitalsubjectof experience). In both cases it is explained how delusions can develop out of these distinctive alterations of perception and feeling. The classic question of the understandability or comprehensibility of schizophrenic delusion, together with the related issues of wish-fulfillment and rationalizing motives are then considered. The chapter addresses the crucial but neglected issue of the felt reality-status of delusions or the delusional world, discussing derealization, "double bookkeeping" (in which the patient experiences delusional reality as existing in a different ontological domain from everyday reality), and "double exposure" (merging of two perspectives on reality, with the potential for confusion this implies). The chapter concludes by discussing delusions typically found in paranoid and affective psychoses, and monothematic delusions found in certain organic conditions.

scholarly journals Inconvenient truths in suicide prevention: Why a Restorative Just Culture should be implemented alongside a Zero Suicide Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 571-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Turner ◽  
Nicolas JC Stapelberg ◽  
Jerneja Sveticic ◽  
Sidney WA Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Just Culture ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Prevailing Paradigm ◽  
Specialist Services ◽  
Erroneous Belief ◽  
Outcome Biases

Objective: The prevailing paradigm in suicide prevention continues to contribute to the nihilism regarding the ability to prevent suicides in healthcare settings and a sense of blame following adverse incidents. In this paper, these issues are discussed through the lens of clinicians’ experiences as second victims following a loss of a consumer to suicide, and the lens of health care organisations. Method: We discuss challenges related to the fallacy of risk prediction (erroneous belief that risk screening can be used to predict risk or allocate resources), and incident reviews that maintain a retrospective linear focus on errors and are highly influenced by hindsight and outcome biases. Results: An argument that a Restorative Just Culture should be implemented alongside a Zero Suicide Framework is developed. Conclusions: The current use of algorithms to determine culpability following adverse incidents, and a linear approach to learning ignores the complexity of the healthcare settings and can have devastating effects on staff and the broader healthcare community. These issues represent ‘inconvenient truths’ that must be identified, reconciled and integrated into our future pathways towards reducing suicides in health care. The introduction of Zero Suicide Framework can support the much-needed transition from relying on a retrospective focus on errors (Safety I) to a more prospective focus which acknowledges the complexities of healthcare (Safety II), when based on the Restorative Just Culture principles. Restorative Just Culture replaces backward-looking accountability with a focus on the hurts, needs and obligations of all who are affected by the event. In this paper, we argue that the implementation of Zero Suicide Framework may be compromised if not supported by a substantial workplace cultural change. The process of responding to critical incidents implemented at the Gold Coast Mental Health and Specialist Services is provided as an example of a successful implementation of Restorative Just Culture–based principles that has achieved a culture change required to support learning, improving and healing for our consumers, their families, our staff and broader communities.

scholarly journals Truth in Art, and Erik Satie's Judgement

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-107
Author(s):  
Peter Dayan
Keyword(s):  
Erroneous Belief ◽  
The Way

AbstractIt is certainly true that Satie, in his later years, did not tire of repeating that there is ‘no Truth in Art’; and in saying so, he was doubtless very much in tune with the spirit of his artistic milieu, which included, after all, such aesthetic anarchists as Picabia and Tzara, as well as the great artistic revolutionaries of the time, Picasso and Stravinsky, for whom he had unbounded admiration. And every time he did so, he was careful to attribute the erroneous belief that there is a Truth in Art to that class of writers whom he variously called ‘critiques’, ‘pédagogues’, ‘Pontifes’, ‘pions’: people of the serious persuasion, who think it is possible to teach or describe what makes a piece of art good or bad. Attacks against this tribe are, in fact, the staple of Satie's writings. It might appear sensible to infer from this that it would be foolish for a critic to look for Truth in Erik Satie's writings about art. Nonetheless, that is what I shall be doing in this article. I shall argue that, while there may, for Satie, be no truth in art, there are truths about art, susceptible of at least indirect expression, which Satie himself maintained with remarkable adroitness. Whether those truths are peculiar to the aesthetics of Satie's writings; whether they are relevant to the way we might appreciate his music; and whether they have echoes in the thought of his artistic companions (especially those mentioned above) – these are questions that will remain open; but I would like at least to suggest that they are worth asking.

Understanding Police Interrogation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Douglas Woody ◽  
Krista D. Forrest ◽  
Edie Greene
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Disabilities ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
False Confessions ◽  
False Confession ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Police Interrogation ◽  
Race And Crime ◽  
Mistaken Belief ◽  
Erroneous Belief

What drives suspects to confess during police interrogation? In particular, why do some people falsely confess to serious crimes, despite both the likelihood of severe negative consequences and their actual innocence? Too often, observers endorse the mistaken belief that only people with severe mental illnesses or cognitive disabilities would confess falsely. This common but erroneous belief overlooks the risks that result from additional factors that can influence the nature of an interrogation and may conduce to a false confession, including investigators’ biases, cultural views about race and crime, the powerful effects of police deception on suspects, and characteristics of the suspect and of the circumstances that can increase the suspect’s vulnerability. This book examines numerous cases of false confession to clarify the totality of the circumstances surrounding interrogation and confession, including the interactions of many psychological, legal, cultural, personal, and other factors that lead to greater likelihood of confessions, including coerced or false confessions. It presents recommendations for reforming police interrogation in order to produce accurate, detailed confessions from factually guilty suspects, confessions that stand up under rigorous legal review, are admissible at trial, and lead to guilty verdicts.

Failed Cooperation in Heterogeneous Industries Under the National Recovery Administration

1997 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Formal Model ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Erroneous Belief

A case study, a formal model, and an anaLysis of Census of Manufactures data support a conclusion that cost heterogeneity was a major source of the “compliance crisis” affecting a number of National Recovery Administration “codes of fair competition.” Key elements of the argument are assumptions that progressives at the NRA allowed majority coalitions of small, high-cost finns to impose codes in heterogeneous industries, and that these codes were designed by the high-cost firms under an ultimately erroneous belief that they would be enforced by the NRA.

Note on the Life of Francisco de Cárdenas Valencia

1945 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Eleanor B. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Bibliographical Note ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Erroneous Belief ◽  
History Of

Very little has been known about the life of the seventeenth century Yucatecan historian, Francisco de Cárdenas Valencia, author of the Relación historial eclesiástica de la provincia de Yucatán. He completed this important work on the early colonial history of Yucatan in February, 1639, but although it was known and used by Diego López de Cogolludo and later historians, it remained unpublished for nearly three hundred years. In 1937 it was finally printed in the Biblioteca histórica mexicana de obras inéditas. In his bibliographical note to this edition, Federico Gómez de Orozco tells the history of the manuscript, refuting the erroneous belief that Cárdenas Valencia wrote two works, but he does not give much new data concerning its author.

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