Failed Cooperation in Heterogeneous Industries Under the National Recovery Administration

1997 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Formal Model ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Erroneous Belief

A case study, a formal model, and an anaLysis of Census of Manufactures data support a conclusion that cost heterogeneity was a major source of the “compliance crisis” affecting a number of National Recovery Administration “codes of fair competition.” Key elements of the argument are assumptions that progressives at the NRA allowed majority coalitions of small, high-cost finns to impose codes in heterogeneous industries, and that these codes were designed by the high-cost firms under an ultimately erroneous belief that they would be enforced by the NRA.

Mapping meaning to argument structure

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-60
Author(s):  
James N. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Argument Structure ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Case Marking ◽  
Detailed Case ◽  
Nominal Arguments

This chapter investigates the phenomenon of morphological case in so-called ‘ergative-absolutive aligned’ languages, with a detailed case study of the Polynesian language Samoan. The focus is on the interaction of morphological case marking and the lexical semantics of verbs, proposing that the case marking pattern on a verb’s arguments are closely linked to the verb’s entailments, especially those relating to how the participants denoted by the verb’s nominal arguments participate in the event being described. Through empirical investigation of novel Samoan data, the chapter argues that ergative morphological case marking is linked to the agent argument’s status as a ‘self directed initiator’ of the event. In providing an analysis of this phenomenon, this chapter proposes a formal model of how a verb’s lexical semantics interacts with the morphological case component of grammar, employing insights from Optimality Theory.

scholarly journals Behavioural Present Value Defined as Fuzzy Number – a New Approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Piasecki ◽  
Joanna Siwek
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Fuzzy Number ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Market Equilibrium ◽  
Present Value ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Numerical Case Study

Abstract The behavioural present value is defined as a fuzzy number assessed under the impact of chosen behavioural factors. The first formal model turned out to be burdened with some formal defects which are finally corrected in the presented article. In this way a new modified formal model of a behavioural present value is obtained. New model of the behavioural present value is used to explain the phenomenon of market equilibrium on the efficient financial market remaining in the state of financial imbalance. These considerations are illustrated by means of extensive numerical case study.

scholarly journals Do big data support TV viewing rate forecasting? A case study of a Korean TV drama

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jongchang Ahn ◽  
Kyungran Ma ◽  
Ook Lee ◽  
Suaini Sura
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Data Support

scholarly journals From Graphematics to Phrasal, Sentential, and Textual Semantics Through Morphosyntax by Means of Corpus-Driven Grammar and Ontology: A Case Study on One Tibetan Text

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-329
Author(s):  
Aleksei Dobrov ◽  
Maria Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Semantic Annotation ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Formal Grammar ◽  
Analysis Of Error

Abstract This article presents the current results of an ongoing study of the possibilities of fine-tuning automatic morphosyntactic and semantic annotation by means of improving the underlying formal grammar and ontology on the example of one Tibetan text. The ultimate purpose of work at this stage was to improve linguistic software developed for natural-language processing and understanding in order to achieve complete annotation of a specific text and such state of the formal model, in which all linguistic phenomena observed in the text would be explained. This purpose includes the following tasks: analysis of error cases in annotation of the text from the corpus; eliminating these errors in automatic annotation; development of formal grammar and updating of dictionaries. Along with the morpho-syntactic analysis, the current approach involves simultaneous semantic analysis as well. The article describes semantic annotation of the corpus, required by grammar revision and development, which was made with the use of computer ontology. The work is carried out with one of the corpus texts – a grammatical poetic treatise Sum-cu-pa (VII c.).

Signaling Democratic Progress through Electoral System Reform in Post-Communist States

2021 ◽  
pp. 106591292110438
Author(s):  
William O’Brochta ◽  
Patrick Cunha Silva
Keyword(s):  
Formal Model ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
International Community ◽  
Study Data ◽  
System Reform ◽  
Electoral Fraud ◽  
Democratic Reform ◽  
Community Benefits ◽  
To Receive

The international community invests heavily in democracy promotion, but these efforts sometimes embolden leaders not interested in true democratic reform. We develop and test a formal model explaining why this occurs in the context of electoral system reform—one of the most important signals of democratic quality. Our formal model characterizes leaders as either truly reform minded or pseudo-reformers, those who increase electoral system proportionality in order to receive international community benefits while engaging in electoral fraud. We hypothesize that the international community will be more (less) likely to detect fraud when leaders decrease (increase) proportionality, regardless of whether there is evidence of numerical fraud. Using a mixed-methods approach with cross-national and case study data from post-Communist states, we find that the international community is generally less likely to detect fraud following an increase in proportionality and vice versa. We suggest that democracy promoters over-reward perceived democratic progress such that pseudo-reformers often benefit.

scholarly journals ENHANCING MAS ENVIRONMENTS WITH ORGANIZATIONAL MECHANISMS

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 663-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERGIO ESPARCIA ◽  
ESTEFANÍA ARGENTE ◽  
ROBERTO CENTENO ◽  
RAMÓN HERMOSO
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Multi Agent System ◽  
Agent System ◽  
Coordination System ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Organizational Mechanisms

This work proposes a new coordination system for the environment of a Multi-Agent System by merging the features from two important contributions to this field of research, Organizational Mechanisms and Artifacts. Organizational mechanisms can be introduced into a Multi-Agent System with the aim of influencing the behavior of agents populating it to achieve their goals in a proper way. In this paper, we propose to model organizational mechanisms by means of artifacts, which are non-proactive entities used by agents. Artifacts were presented within the Agents & Artifacts conceptual framework, and that present good advantages for coordinating agents' environments. We put forward a formal model that defines how organizational mechanisms can be designed by using artifacts theory. We validate the approach by presenting a case study focused on a real health care domain problem. Additionally, the Artifacts for Organizational Mechanisms are compared with some different proposed artifacts.

scholarly journals Debugging Network Reachability with Blocked Paths

2021 ◽  
pp. 851-862
Author(s):  
S. Bayless ◽  
J. Backes ◽  
D. DaCosta ◽  
B. F. Jones ◽  
N. Launchbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Reachability Analysis ◽  
Network Behavior ◽  
Private Cloud ◽  
Industrial Case Study ◽  
Feasible Path ◽  
Network Troubleshooting ◽  
Complete Path

AbstractIn this industrial case study we describe a new network troubleshooting analysis used by VPC Reachability Analyzer, an SMT-based network reachability analysis and debugging tool. Our troubleshooting analysis uses a formal model of AWS Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) semantics to identify whether a destination is reachable from a source in a given VPC configuration. In the case where there is no feasible path, our analysis derives a blocked path: an infeasible but otherwise complete path that would be feasible if a corresponding set of VPC configuration settings were adjusted.Our blocked path analysis differs from other academic and commercial offerings that either rely on packet probing (e.g., tcptrace) or provide only partial paths terminating at the first component that rejects the packet. By providing a complete (but infeasible) path from the source to destination, we identify for a user all the configuration settings they will need to alter to admit that path (instead of requiring them to repeatedly re-run the analysis after making partial changes). This allows users to refine their query so that the blocked path is aligned with their intended network behavior before making any changes to their VPC configuration.

scholarly journals Modeling of Activated Sludge with ASM1 Model, Case Study on Wastewater Treatment Plant of South of Isfahan

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (Special-Issue1) ◽  
pp. 96-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Mohamadi ◽  
Somaye Rahimi ◽  
Bijan Bina ◽  
Mohamad Amin
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Yield Coefficient ◽  
Model Case ◽  
Kinetic Coefficients

ASM1 model is one of the most widely used models of activated sludge process which is the interest of researchers. This model was first proposed in 1987 by the IAWQ group and it is the first formal model of activated sludge. In this research, to evaluate the consistent of model's result with the reality, the data of wastewater treatment plant of south of Isfahan was used. This treatment plant covers a population about 800000 people, and the activated sludge method is used for treating municipal wastewater. The components of ASM1 mode such as fast biodegradable substrate parameters (Ss) and slow biodegradable (Xs) and the concentration of total COD, total nitrogen, suspended solids, nitrate nitrogen and Kjeldahl nitrogen were measured within 68 days and were included in the model. For modeling, the STOAT software was used where the ASM1 model was implemented. To calibrate the model, four cases from bio-kinetic coefficients of ASM1 model was obtained based on the results and the model was corrected in the default values. These coefficients include maximum specific growth rate (µm), decay coefficient (Kd), yield coefficient(Y), and saturation constant (Ks). The model results were consistent with the reality‎.

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