scholarly journals Comparison of neuroglobin distribution and expression in the retina of adult yak and cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 6477-2020
Author(s):  
XIAOHUA DU ◽  
JAMES BLACKAR MAWOLO ◽  
XIAOYU MI ◽  
YANG YANG ◽  
XIA LIU
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Outer Nuclear Layer ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Oxygen Homeostasis

The yak belongs to the genus Bos and is therefore related to cattle (Bos primigenius species). The yak may have diverged from cattle at any point between one and five million years ago, and the yak is supposed to be more closely related to cattle than to other members of its designated genus. Here, we evaluated the distribution of neuroglobin (NGB) expression in the retina of adult yak and cattle. Five healthy yaks and five cattle were used in the study. Immunohistochemical stainings were performed to assess the distribution of NGB in the retina of adult yak and cattle. The results demonstrated that NGB was expressed at high levels in the retina of adult yak and cattle in the ganglion cell layer, outer plexiform layer, photoreceptor inner segments, and pigment epithelial layer (+++). Medium NGB expression was found in the nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer, and photoreceptor outer segments (++). In contrast, NGB was only weakly expressed in the inner nuclear layer (+), while no expression was found in the outer nuclear layer (–). Expression in the inner limiting membrane, outer limiting membrane, and optic nerves of the cattle was weak (+) and comparable to expression in the adult yak. No NGB expression was found in the outer nuclear layer of both yak and cattle. The level of NGB expression in the retinal ganglion cell layer, kernel layer, optic nerve, and photoreceptor inner segments was significantly higher in yak than in cattle (P < 0.05). These results suggest that NGB might play an important role in oxygen homeostasis of the retina and normal function of the optic nerve of yak and cattle under high-altitude hypoxic conditions. Nevertheless, its specific functional mechanism needs further investigation.

scholarly journals Investigation of the pathophysiology of the retina and choroid in Parkinson's disease by optical coherence tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuaki Kamata ◽  
Naoto Hara ◽  
Tsukasa Satou ◽  
Takahiro Niida ◽  
Kazuo Mukuno
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Luminal Area

Abstract Purpose The pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is suspected to affect the retina and choroid. We investigated changes in the retina and choroid of patients with PD using optical coherence tomography. Methods We examined 14 patients with PD and 22 patients without PD. Patients without PD had no ophthalmic disease other than cataracts. In addition, it was also confirmed that there was no neurodegenerative disease. The retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer + inner plexiform layer, and choroidal thickness were compared between both groups. Additionally, the choroidal image was divided into the choroid area, luminal area, and interstitial area using the binarization method, and the area of each region and the percentage of luminal area in the choroid area were analyzed. Results Patients with PD had a significantly thinner ganglion cell layer + inner plexiform layer compared to those without PD. The choroid area, luminal area, and interstitial area were significantly decreased in patients with PD compared to those without PD. Seven patients with PD who were successfully followed up showed decreased retinal nerve fiber layer and interstitial area after 3 years. Conclusion Autonomic nervous disorders and neurodegeneration in PD can cause thinning of the retina and choroid, as well as a reduction in the choroid area.

Investigation of the Pathophysiology of the Retina and Choroid in Parkinson's Disease by Optical Coherence Tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuaki Kamata ◽  
Naoto Hara ◽  
Tsukasa Satou ◽  
Takahiro Niida ◽  
Kazuo Mukuno
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Luminal Area

Abstract PurposeThe pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is suspected to affect the retina and choroid. We investigated changes in the retina and choroid of patients with PD using optical coherence tomography (OCT).MethodsWe examined 14 patients with PD and 22 patients without PD. Patients without PD had no ophthalmic pathology other than cataracts and neurodegenerative disorders. The retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer + inner plexiform layer, and choroidal thickness were compared between both groups. Additionally, the choroidal image was divided into the choroid area, luminal area, and interstitial area using the binarization method, and the area of each region and the percentage of luminal area in the choroid area was analyzed. ResultsPatients with PD had a significantly thinner ganglion cell layer + inner plexiform layer compared to those without PD. The choroid area, luminal area, and interstitial area were significantly decreased in patients with PD compared to those without PD. Seven patients with PD who were successfully followed-up for 3 years showed decreased retinal nerve fiber layer and interstitial area after 3 years.ConclusionAutonomic nervous disorders and neurodegeneration in PD can cause thinning of the retina and choroid, as well as a reduction of the choroid area.

Decreases in ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer volumes correlate better with disease severity in schizophrenia patients than retinal nerve fiber layer thickness: Findings from spectral optic coherence tomography

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Celik ◽  
A. Kalenderoglu ◽  
A. Sevgi Karadag ◽  
O. Bekir Egilmez ◽  
B. Han-Almis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Optic Coherence Tomography ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Rnfl Thickness ◽  
Treatment Refractory

AbstractBackgroundOptic coherence tomography (OCT) is a new, contactless and fast neuroimaging method. Previous studies have observed thinning of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) in many neurodegenerative diseases, and researchers have suggested that correlations exist between the thinning of the RNFL and the neurodegeneration detected with other imaging methods or the severity of illness. More recently, OCT has been used in patients with schizophrenia. RNFL thinning has also been detected in these patients. With more sophisticated devices, segmentation of the retina and measurements of the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and internal plexiform layer (IPL) can be performed.MethodsWe measured the RNFL thickness and the GCL and IPL volumes in 40 treatment refractory patients with schizophrenia, 41 treatment responsive refractory patients and 41 controls using spectral-OCT, and we evaluated the correlations between the disease severity and OCT measurements.ResultsThe global RNFL thickness and GCL and IPL volumes were decreased in the patients with schizophrenia compared with the controls. In addition, the GCL and IPL volumes were lower in the treatment refractory patients with schizophrenia compared to the treatment responsive patients. Using parameters such as the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scores, the disease duration and number of hospitalizations, correlations between the GCL and IPL volumes and disease severity were stronger than the correlations between the RNFL and the disease parameters.ConclusionOur findings suggest that OCT can be used to detect neurodegeneration in schizophrenia and that the GCL and IPL volumes can also be used to monitor the progression of neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals Macular Retinal Layer Thickness and Associated Factors. The Beijing Eye Study 2011

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Wang ◽  
Wen Bin Wei ◽  
Ya Xing Wang ◽  
Yan Ni Yan ◽  
Jing Yan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Outer Nuclear Layer ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Beijing Eye Study ◽  
Retinal Layers

Abstract Background Diagnosis and follow-up of retinal diseases may be improved if the thickness of the various retinal layers, in addition to the total retinal thickness, is taken into account. Here we measured the thickness of the macular retinal layers in a population-based study group to assess the normative values and their associations. Methods Using spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic images, we measured the thickness of the macular retinal layers in participants of the population-based Beijing Eye Study without ocular diseases and without arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus. Results The study included 384 subjects (mean age:60.0±8.0 years). In multivariable analysis, the thickness of the retinal layers in the foveal region, of all retinal layers except for the outer plexiform layer in the parafoveal area, and the thickness of the ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer and inner and outer nuclear layer in the perifoveal area decreased with older age (all P<0.05). Men as compared to women had higher thickness measurements of the photoreceptor layer and outer nuclear layer in all areas, and of all layers between the retinal nerve fiber layer and inner nuclear layer in the parafovea area. The associations between the macular retinal layers thickness and axial length were not consistent. The inner plexiform layer was thicker, and the ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer were thinner, in the temporal areas than in the nasal areas, Conclusions The associations between decreasing thickness of most retinal layers with older age and the correlation of a higher thickness of some retinal layer layers with male gender may clinically be taken into account.

scholarly journals Patterns of retrograde axonal degeneration in the visual system

Brain ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (9) ◽  
pp. 2775-2786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willemien A de Vries-Knoppert ◽  
Johannes C Baaijen ◽  
Axel Petzold
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Axonal Degeneration ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Layer Region

Abstract Conclusive evidence for existence of acquired retrograde axonal degeneration that is truly trans-synaptic (RTD) has not yet been provided for the human visual system. Convincing data rely on experimental data of lesions to the posterior visual pathways. This study aimed to overcome the limitations of previous human studies, namely pathology to the anterior visual pathways and neurodegenerative co-morbidity. In this prospective, longitudinal cohort retinal optical coherence tomography scans were acquired before and after elective partial temporal lobe resection in 25 patients for intractable epilepsy. Newly developed region of interest-specific, retinotopic areas substantially improved on conventional reported early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) grid-based optical coherence tomography data. Significant inner retinal layer atrophy separated patients with normal visual fields from those who developed a visual field defect. Acquired RTD affected the retinal nerve fibre layer, ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer and stopped at the level of the inner nuclear layer. There were significant correlations between the resected brain tissue volume and the ganglion cell layer region of interest (R = −0.78, P < 0.0001) and ganglion cell inner plexiform layer region of interest (R = −0.65, P = 0.0007). In one patient, damage to the anterior visual pathway resulted in occurrence of microcystic macular oedema as recognized from experimental data. In the remaining 24 patients with true RTD, atrophy rates in the first 3 months were strongly correlated with time from surgery for the ganglion cell layer region of interest (R = −0.74, P < 0.0001) and the ganglion cell inner plexiform layer region of interest (R = −0.51, P < 0.0001). The different time course of atrophy rates observed relate to brain tissue volume resection and suggest that three distinct patterns of retrograde axonal degeneration exist: (i) direct retrograde axonal degeneration; (ii) rapid and self-terminating RTD; and (iii) prolonged RTD representing a ‘penumbra’, which slowly succumbs to molecularly governed spatial cellular stoichiometric relationships. We speculate that the latter could be a promising target for neuroprotection.

Morphology of human retinal ganglion cells with intraretinal axon collaterals

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
BETH B. PETERSON ◽  
DENNIS M. DACEY
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Human Retina ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Axon Collaterals

Ganglion cells with intraretinal axon collaterals have been described in monkey (Usai et al., 1991), cat (Dacey, 1985), and turtle (Gardiner & Dacey, 1988) retina. Using intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase and Neurobiotin in in vitro whole-mount preparations of human retina, we filled over 1000 ganglion cells, 19 of which had intraretinal axon collaterals and wide-field, spiny dendritic trees stratifying in the inner half of the inner plexiform layer. The axons were smooth and thin (∼2 μm) and gave off thin (<1 μm), bouton-studded terminal collaterals that extended vertically to terminate in the outer half of the inner plexiform layer. Terminal collaterals were typically 3–300 μm in length, though sometimes as long as 700 μm, and were present in clusters, or as single branched or unbranched varicose processes with round or somewhat flattened lobular terminal boutons 1–2 μm in diameter. Some cells had a single axon whereas other cells had a primary axon that gave rise to 2–4 axon branches. Axons were located either in the optic fiber layer or just beneath it in the ganglion cell layer, or near the border of the ganglion cell layer and the inner plexiform layer. This study shows that in the human retina, intraretinal axon collaterals are associated with a morphologically distinct ganglion cell type. The synaptic connections and functional role of these cells are not yet known. Since distinct ganglion cell types with intraretinal axon collaterals have also been found in monkey, cat, and turtle, this cell type may be common to all vertebrate retinas.

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