Influence of Carbon Sources and Amino Acids on in vitro Propagation of Four Citrus Rootstocks

Rumen papillae from cattle were incubated aerobically with combinations of NH4Cl, amino acids and salts of organic acids, the latter including propionate, pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate and glyoxylate. Amino acids in the incubation media were analyzed using a gas-liquid chromatographic technique entailing separation of the isobutyl-N(0)-heptafluorobutyryl esters: glutamine was recovered with glutamate, asparagine with aspartate, and citrulline with ornithine. Rumen papillae incubated with pyruvate or propionate released alanine, but with the latter substrate only glutamate was effective as a nitrogen source. Glycine and glutamate plus glutamine were released in the presence of glyoxylate and α-ketoglutarate, respectively. Serine and aspartate plus asparagine were not quantitatively major products released by rumen papillae. Glutamate was an effective source of nitrogen for the release of alanine and glycine with pyruvate and glyoxylate, respectively, as carbon sources. When rumen papillae were incubated with pyruvate or glyoxylate as the added carbon source, glutamine nitrogen disappeared and was not accounted for by the amino acids measured. With arginine as a substrate, there was a release of ornithine by rumen papillae indicating urea production. The tissues of rumen papillae appear to synthesize amino acids from expected carbon sources with ammonia or glutamate as nitrogen sources and to catabolize glutamine and arginine. The metabolism of amino acids by rumen papillae would contribute to the interchange of nitrogen between the rumen and the host.

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In vitro Propagation of the Peach Rootstock: The Effect of Different Carbon Sources and Types of Sealing Material on Rooting

Biologia Plantarum ◽

10.1023/b:biop.0000047166.26010.ef ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 629-631 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

S. Fotopoulos ◽

T.E. Sotiropoulos

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Propagation ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Sealing Material

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Effect of Antioxidants, Amino Acids and Plant Growth Regulators on in vitro Propagation of Rosa centifolia

Iranian Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.15171/ijb.1152 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 51-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gulzar Akhtar ◽

Muhammad Jafar Jaskani ◽

Yasar Sajjad ◽

Ahsan Akram

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

In Vitro Propagation

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In vitro propagation of Brazilian ginseng [Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen] as affected by carbon sources

In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant ◽

10.1007/s11627-014-9651-z ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

pp. 746-751 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jaqueline Martins Vasconcelos ◽

Cleber Witt Saldanha ◽

Leonardo Lucas Carnevalli Dias ◽

Joseila Maldaner ◽

Mailson Monteiro Rêgo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Propagation ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Pfaffia Glomerata ◽

Brazilian Ginseng

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First Report of Krymsk® 5 (cv. VSL 2) Cherry Rootstock In Vitro Propagation: Studying the Effect of Cytokinins, Auxins and Endogenous Sugars

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha47111276 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 152-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Athanasios TSAFOUROS ◽

Peter A. ROUSSOS

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

In Vitro Propagation ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

The Other ◽

Mother Plant ◽

Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽

Indolebutyric Acid ◽

Synthetic Auxins ◽

Number Of Shoots

Krymsk® 5 (VSL-2) is a semi-dwarf cherry rootstock adaptable to a range of climates. The present study aimed to establish the first efficient in vitro propagation protocol for this rootstock. Therefore, six cytokinines, four adenine type (6-benzyladenine, 2-isopentenyladenine, kinetin and meta-topolin) and two phenylureas (thidiazuron and forchlorfenuron) at three (2.4 μΜ, 4.8 μΜ and 9.6 μΜ) concentrations plus three (0.24 μΜ, 0.48 μΜ, 0.96 μΜ) for thidiazuron only were tested during the multiplication stage. 6-Benzyladenine was the most efficient cytokinin, based on the number of shoots produced (3.5 shoots at 9.6 μΜ) and the number of nodes per explant (10 nodes at 9.6 μΜ) whereas the other aromatic adenine tested, i.e. meta-topolin, presented the highest number of nodes per cm and node per shoot. During the rooting stage the synthetic auxins 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (1-NAA) and indolebutyric acid (IBA) were tested at concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 μΜ both separately and in all possible combinations. The percentage of successfully rooted explants reached 95% under the combination of 20 μΜ IBA plus 5 μΜ 1-NAA, whereas the highest number of roots recorded was 8.5 roots for the treatment 20 μΜ ΙΒΑ plus 2.5 μΜ 1-NAA. Furthermore, two different carbon sources were compared, the widely used sucrose and the endogenous sugar ratio of mother plant softwood shoot, sampled during late of May. Endogenous sugar ratio proved to be the preferable carbon source, since it increased the number of shoots produced and almost doubled the number of produced nodes per explant.

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Effects of sucrose and trehalose on growth and development of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) on two Dendrobium cultivars under different lights

Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research ◽

10.18801/jbar.260120.265 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 2170-2176

Author(s):

M. M. Alam ◽

K. Shimasaki ◽

A. M. Meskatul

Keyword(s):

Growth And Development ◽

In Vitro Propagation ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

The Other ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

White Leds ◽

Green Led ◽

Led Lights ◽

Green Leds

The objective of this study was to identify effective carbon sources for the in vitro propagation of PLBs in Dendrobium cultivars Dendrobium kingianum ‘Hallelujah’ and Dendrobium k. Jonathan’s Glory ‘Dark Joy’. In this study, we used two types of carbon sources to culture the cultivars under five different LED lights. For, both carbon sources the highest numbers of PLBs were obtained with the green LEDs compared with the other LED lights. For Dendrobium kingianum ‘Hallelujah’ the trehalose supplemented medium produced the highest number of PLBs (13.8/explant) and the maximum fresh weight (0.45g/explant) under green LEDs. On the other hand, for Dendrobium k. Jonathan’s Glory ‘Dark Joy’, the sucrose supplemented medium produced the highest number of PLBs under green LED (8.0/explant, fresh weight 0.22g/explants) and the trehalose supplemented medium produced the maximum number of PLBs under white LEDs (8.1/explants, fresh weight 0.23g/explants). The sucrose was the most relevant carbon source for the in vitro organogenesis of Dendrobium k. Jonathan’s Glory ‘Dark Joy’, while trehalose was best under white LEDs.

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Role of pfkA and General Carbohydrate Catabolism in Seed Colonization by Enterobacter cloacae

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.65.6.2513-2519.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 65 (6) ◽

pp. 2513-2519 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

D. P. Roberts ◽

P. D. Dery ◽

I. Yucel ◽

J. Buyer ◽

M. A. Holtman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Enterobacter Cloacae ◽

In Vitro Growth ◽

Wild Type ◽

Exogenous Addition ◽

Total Carbohydrates ◽

Pea Seeds

ABSTRACT Enterobacter cloacae A-11 is a transposon mutant of strain 501R3 that was deficient in cucumber spermosphere colonization and in the utilization of certain carbohydrates (D. P. Roberts, C. J. Sheets, and J. S. Hartung, Can. J. Microbiol. 38:1128–1134, 1992). In vitro growth of strain A-11 was reduced or deficient on most carbohydrates that supported growth of strain 501R3 but was unaffected on fructose, glycerol, and all amino acids and organic acids tested. Colonization by strain A-11 was significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.05) for cucumber and radish seeds compared to that of strain 501R3, but colonization of pea, soybean, sunflower, and sweet corn seeds was not reduced. Pea seeds released several orders of magnitude more total carbohydrates and amino acids than cucumber and radish seeds and approximately 4,000-fold more fructose. Fructose was the only carbohydrate detected in the seed exudates which supported wild-type levels of in vitro growth of strain A-11. Soybean, sunflower, and sweet corn seeds also released significantly greater amounts of fructose and total carbohydrates and amino acids than cucumber or radish seeds. The exogenous addition of fructose to cucumber and radish seeds at quantities similar to the total quantity of carbohydrates released from pea seeds over 96 h increased the populations of strain A-11 to levels comparable to those of strain 501R3 in sterile sand. Molecular characterization of strain A-11 indicated that the mini-Tn5 kanamycin transposon was inserted in a region of the genome with significant homology topfkA, which encodes phosphofructo kinase. A comparison of strain A-11 with Escherichia coli DF456, a knownpfkA mutant, indicated that the nutritional loss phenotypes were identical. Furthermore, the pfkA homolog cloned fromE. cloacae 501R3 complemented the nutritional loss phenotypes of both E. coli DF456 and E. cloacaeA-11 and restored colonization by strain A-11 to near wild-type levels. These genetic and biochemical restoration experiments provide strong evidence that the quantities of reduced carbon sources found in seed exudates and the ability of microbes to use these compounds play important roles in the colonization of the spermosphere.

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