Risks and Benefits of Nicotine to Aid Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy

Drug Safety ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delia A. Dempsey ◽  
Neal L. Benowitz
Author(s):  
Pauline Kent ◽  
Mette Jensen ◽  
Rachel Reilly ◽  
Amy McGowan ◽  
Leanne Dineen ◽  
...  

Addiction ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hajek ◽  
Robert West ◽  
Anne Lee ◽  
Jonathan Foulds ◽  
Lesley Owen ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L Bromley ◽  
Matthew Bluett-Duncan

: Exposure in the womb to antiseizure medications and their potential impact on the developing child's brain has long been researched. Despite this long period of interest, this review highlights above the well-known risks associated with valproate exposure; more data is required for conclusions regarding all other antiseizure medications. Limited experience with phenytoin and phenobarbital in monotherapy clearly defines the risk to later child postnatal functioning difficult. However, the evidence of an impact is stronger for phenobarbital than for phenytoin. The widely prescribed lamotrigine is limited in its investigation compared to unexposed control children. It has been demonstrated to carry a lower risk than valproate for specific outcomes; whether associated with a more moderate impact on broader aspects of neurodevelopmental functioning is still to be understood. Data for levetiracetam, topiramate, and oxcarbazepine are too limited to conclude most neurodevelopmental outcomes confidently. This slow accumulation of evidence impacts the safest use of medications in pregnancy and makes counseling women regarding the risks and benefits of specific antiseizure drugs difficult. Improved focus, funding, and research methodologies are urgently needed.


2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
D. Tappin ◽  
L. Bauld ◽  
D. Purves ◽  
K. Boyd ◽  
L. Sinclair ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
pp. 247-250

BACKGROUND: Pain is the most common complication of fibroids in pregnancy and can be difficult to treat. The choices of pain relief in pregnancy are limited due to myriad risks including miscarriage, teratogenicity, premature birth, and low birth weight. CASE REPORT: This paper describes the analgesic challenges faced when managing severe pain in the antepartum period for a woman pregnant with twins who also suffered from uterine leiomyomas. Multiple analgesic regimens were trialled over the course of the pregnancy with large doses of opioids required for long periods. Ultimately the patient underwent a laparotomy and myomectomy at 25 weeks gestation in an attempt to alleviate her pain. CONCLUSION: There should be early discussions and planning around the choice of analgesic agents and their planned duration, with the risks and benefits weighed in each instance. A multidisciplinary approach with obstetricians, neonatologists, anesthetists, and pain specialists is likely to result in the most benefit while limiting the risk to the fetus


1992 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 533-534
Author(s):  
MIRIAM SHIPP ◽  
MARY S. CROUGHAN-MINIHANE ◽  
DIANA B. PETITTI ◽  
A. EUGENE WASHINGTON

2006 ◽  
Vol 195 (6) ◽  
pp. S89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Oncken ◽  
Bruce Morris ◽  
Ellen Dornelas ◽  
Henry Kranzler ◽  
Stephen Walsh ◽  
...  

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