Turbidity tubes for drinking water quality assessments

Turbidity tubes have been considered to be the field method of choice for drinking water quality monitoring in resource-limited contexts because of their relative simplicity and low cost in comparison with conventional (nephelometric) turbidimeters. These tubes utilise the principle of visual extinction of a submerged target for turbidity determination and were therefore thought to be subject to user subjectivity, possibly affecting results. This study evaluated their performance under both field and controlled-laboratory conditions. Results from turbidity tubes can differ substantially from those obtained with conventional turbidimeters; this is of particular importance in the reporting of low turbidity (<10 NTU) measurements. These differences could be due to a combination of factors, such as: user variability, differences in calibration scales, and turbidity tube target shape and background colour. In view of their limitations, the usefulness of turbidity tubes for drinking water quality assessments and recommendations on the reporting of their results are also discussed.

Download Full-text

Design of smart sensors for real time drinking water quality monitoring and contamination detection in water distributed mains

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i1.1.8921 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1.1) ◽

pp. 47 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Kavi Priya ◽

G. Shenbagalakshmi ◽

T. Revathi

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Real Time ◽

Water Contamination ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Low Cost ◽

Water Quality Monitoring ◽

Drinking Water Quality ◽

Quality Monitoring

Drinking Water Distribution Systems facilitate to carry portable water from water resources such as reservoirs, river, and water tanks to industrial, commercial and residential consumers through complex buried pipe networks. Determining the consequences of a water contamination event is an important concern in the field of water systems security and in drinking water distribution systems. The proposed work is based on the development of low cost fuzzy based water quality monitoring system using wireless sensor networks which is capable of measuring physiochemical parameters of water quality such as pH, temperature, conductivity, oxidation reduction potential and turbidity. Based on selected parameters a sensing unit is developed along with several microsystems for analog signal conditioning, data aggregation, sensor data analysis and logging, and remote representation of data to the consumers. Finally, algorithms for fusing the real time data and decision making using fuzzy logic at local level are developed to assess the water contamination risk. Based on the water contamination level in the distribution pipeline the drinking water quality is classified as acceptable/reject/desirable. When the contamination is detected, the sensing unit with ZigBee sends signals to close the solenoid valve inside the pipeline to prevent the flow of contaminated water supply and it intimates the consumers about drinking water quality through mobile app. Experimental results indicate that this low cost real time water quality monitoring system acts as an ideal early warning system with best detection accuracy. The derived solution can also be applied to different IoT (Internet of Things) scenario such as smart cities, the city transport system etc.

Download Full-text

Design and Implementation of a Low-Cost Real-Time In-Situ Drinking Water Quality Monitoring System Using Arduino

2018 International Conference on Computer, Control, Electrical, and Electronics Engineering (ICCCEEE) ◽

10.1109/iccceee.2018.8515886 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Sami O. Osman ◽

Mohamed Z. Mohamed ◽

Alzain M. Suliman ◽

Amjed A. Mohammed

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Real Time ◽

Monitoring System ◽

Low Cost ◽

Water Quality Monitoring ◽

Drinking Water Quality ◽

Quality Monitoring ◽

Design And Implementation

Download Full-text

Methodological Approaches to Organization of Drinking Water Quality Monitoring Programs

ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ И СРЕДА ОБИТАНИЯ - ЗНиСО / PUBLIC HEALTH AND LIFE ENVIRONMENT ◽

10.35627/2219-5238/2020-331-10-4-8 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 4-8

Author(s):

Yu.A. Novikova ◽

I.O. Myasnikov ◽

A.A. Kovshov ◽

N.A. Tikhonova ◽

N.S. Bashketova

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Water Supply ◽

Cold Water ◽

Water Quality Monitoring ◽

Drinking Water Quality ◽

Quality Monitoring ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Monitoring Programs ◽

Supply Systems

Summary. Introduction: Drinking water is one of the most important environmental factors sustaining life and determining human health. The goal of the Russian Federal Clean Water Project is to improve drinking water quality through upgrading of water treatment and supply systems using advanced technologies, including those developed by the military-industrial complex. The most informative and reliable sources of information for assessing drinking water quality are the results of systematic laboratory testing obtained within the framework of socio-hygienic monitoring (SGM) and production control carried out by water supply organizations. The objective of our study was to formulate approaches to organizing quality monitoring programs for centralized cold water supply systems. Materials and methods: We reviewed programs and results of drinking water quality laboratory tests performed by Rospotrebnadzor bodies and institutions within the framework of SGM in 2017–2018. Results: We established that drinking water quality monitoring in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation differs significantly in the number of monitoring points (566 in the Krasnoyarsk Krai vs 10 in Sevastopol) and measured indicators, especially sanitary and chemical ones (53 inorganic and organic substances in the Kemerovo Region vs one indicator in the Amur Region). Discussion: For a more complete and objective assessment of drinking water quality in centralized cold water supply systems, monitoring points should be organized at all stages of water supply with account for the coverage of the maximum number of people supplied with water from a particular network. Thus, the number of points in the distribution network should depend, inter alia, on the size of population served. In urban settlements with up to 10,000 inhabitants, for example, at least 4 points should be organized while in the cities with more than 3,000,000 inhabitants at least 80 points are necessary. We developed minimum mandatory lists of indicators and approaches to selecting priority indices to be monitored at all stages of drinking water supply.

Download Full-text

Misinterpretation of Drinking Water Quality Monitoring Data with Implications for Risk Management

Environmental Science & Technology ◽

10.1021/es0520417 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 40 (17) ◽

pp. 5244-5250 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Samantha N. Rizak ◽

Steve E. Hrudey

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Risk Management ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Water Quality Monitoring ◽

Drinking Water Quality ◽

Quality Monitoring ◽

Monitoring Data

Download Full-text

Production Control as a Component of Drinking Water Quality Monitoring

ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ И СРЕДА ОБИТАНИЯ - ЗНиСО / PUBLIC HEALTH AND LIFE ENVIRONMENT ◽

10.35627/2219-5238/2020-331-10-9-14 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 9-14

Author(s):

IO Myasnikov ◽

YuA Novikova ◽

OS Alenteva ◽

GB Yeremin ◽

PA Ganichev

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Production Control ◽

Cold Water ◽

Water Quality Monitoring ◽

Drinking Water Quality ◽

Quality Monitoring ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Organization Of Production ◽

Supply Systems

Summary. Introduction: In order to conduct a more precise and objective assessment of drinking water quality in the centralized cold water supply systems, it is essential to increase the coverage of population with laboratory control. It is therefore expedient to consider the possibility of using production control data collected within the drinking water quality monitoring system and including them in statistical reporting forms of Rospotrebnadzor for subsequent accounting when assessing the implementation of the Russian Federal Clean Water Project within the National Ecology Project. Our objective was to substantiate requirements for organization of production control of drinking water with considering a further use of its results in assessing drinking water quality. The materials of the research included current regulations and literature data. We applied methods of sanitary and epidemiologic expert examination, assessment and survey as well as methods of systemic and content analysis. Results: To evaluate the supply of the population with high-quality drinking water, it is important to consider not only test results collected within the framework of the federal state sanitary and epidemiologic surveillance but also the results of production control carried out by legal entities and individual entrepreneurs operating centralized cold water supply systems. However, organization of production control and the use of its results is usually associated with such problems as the choice of the most representative sampling points, identification of a sufficient list of controlled indicators, quality of results, etc. Conclusions: Before including the results of drinking water quality production control in the drinking water quality monitoring system, it is necessary to set the requirements for selecting monitoring sites, analytes, frequency of testing, etc. To legitimize the use of production control results, it is important to develop regulations that oblige organizations carrying out production control of drinking water quality to submit their results to Rospotrebnadzor bodies and institutions for their use in comprehensive drinking water quality assessments.

Download Full-text