Encapsulation of heavy metals on spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sun ◽  
X. Z. Li ◽  
M. Brungs ◽  
D. Trimm
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Leaching Tests ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Spent Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Standard Specimens ◽  
Fcc Catalysts

Vanadium and nickel were found as major contaminants on spent FCC catalyst at levels of 3518 ppm and 3225 ppm, respectively. XPS results indicated that vanadium and nickel were in oxide form on spent FCC catalysts. Leaching tests (TCLP) showed that vanadium from spent FCC catalysts poses an environmental problem if disposed by landfill. It was found that encapsulation treatment with up to 60 wt % spent FCC catalyst in Portland cement, is an effective means of stabilization. The strength of standard specimens containing catalyst was much lower than that of standard specimens made with same weight percentage of sand.

Transformations of FCC catalysts and carbonaceous deposits during repeated reaction-regeneration cycles

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 6977-6992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qandeel Almas ◽  
Muhammad Awais Naeem ◽  
Maria Auxiliadora S. Baldanza ◽  
Jessica Solomon ◽  
Jeffery C. Kenvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Carbonaceous Deposits ◽  
Fcc Catalyst ◽  
P Transformations ◽  
Fcc Catalysts

Transformations of an industrial zeolite-based fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst and its coke deposits during regeneration following FCC reactions of a representative refinery stream are investigated.

scholarly journals Synthesis, characterization and activity performance of nickel-loaded spent FCC catalyst for pine gum hydrogenation

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 6515-6525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaopeng Chen ◽  
Lu Ren ◽  
Muhammad Yaseen ◽  
Linlin Wang ◽  
Jiezhen Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Spent Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Activity Performance ◽  
Wet Impregnation Method

A Ni-based catalyst supported over a spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst was prepared by a wet impregnation method.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Spent FCC Catalysts for the Catalytic Cracking Process of Waste Tires

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuansheng Wang ◽  
Xiaolong Tian ◽  
Baishun Zhao ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Shaoming Li
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Waste Tires ◽  
Spent Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Light Oil ◽  
Cracking Process ◽  
Fcc Catalysts

Research on the synergistic high-value reuse of waste tires and used catalysts in spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts was carried out in this study to address the serious ecological and environmental problems caused by waste tires and spent FCC catalysts. The experiment, in which a spent FCC catalyst was applied to the catalytic cracking of waste tires, fully utilized the residual activity of the spent FCC catalyst and was compared with a waste tire pyrolysis experiment. The comparative experimental results indicated that the spent FCC catalyst could improve the cracking efficiency of waste tires, increase the output of light oil in pyrolysis products, and improve the quality of pyrolysis oil. It could also be used for the conversion of sulfur compounds during cracking. The content of 2-methyl-1-propylene in catalytic cracking gas was found to be up to 65.59%, so a new method for producing high-value chemical raw materials by the catalytic cracking of waste tires with spent FCC catalysts is proposed.

A Green Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 194308921350702
Author(s):  
Madhavi Madeti ◽  
Sharad V. Lande ◽  
Kalpana G ◽  
R. K. Mewada ◽  
R. V. Jasra
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Petroleum Refining ◽  
Temperature Programmed Desorption ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Acidic Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
Fcc Catalyst ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Temperature Programmed

We have attempted a green alternative to reuse the spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst that is used in petroleum refining industry for the upgradation and purification of various petroleum streams and residues. The spent FCC zeolite–based catalyst modified by enhancing the acidic properties by incorporating Zn and In metals in the matrix. The various prepared catalysts were systematically characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET; adsorption isotherm) surface area. The acidity of the materials was studied by temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD). The well-characterized catalysts were applied for liquid phase benzylation of o-xylene using benzyl chloride.

scholarly journals Effect of Fines Content on Fluidity of FCC Catalysts for Stable Operation of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Kim ◽  
Chae Yeo ◽  
Do Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Minimum Fluidization Velocity ◽  
Fines Content ◽  
Fluidization Velocity ◽  
Fcc Catalysts

Effect of fines content (weight % of particles with diameter less than 45 μm) on bed fluidity was determined to get a base for good fluidization quality in the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit. The fines content in equilibrium FCC catalysts (Ecat) from commercial units were controlled by adding or removing the fines to simulate commercial situation. To get the fluidity values (Umb/Umf) of seven different FCC catalysts (2 Ecats and 5 fresh catalysts) and their mixture, minimum fluidization velocity (Umf) and minimum bubbling velocity (Umb) were measured in a fluidized bed reactor (0.05 m ID). The fluidity decreased with loss of fines content and increased with increments of makeup of fresh catalysts or additive with the controlled fines content. The fluidities of catalysts increase with increases of normalized particle diameter variation by the fines addition. The obtained fluidities have been correlated with the fines contents and the catalyst and gas properties. The proposed correlation could guide to keep good catalyst fluidity in the FCC unit.

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