Microbial community structure and occurrence of diverse autotrophic ammonium oxidizing microorganisms in the anammox process

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2723-2732 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bae ◽  
Y.-C. Chung ◽  
J.-Y. Jung
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Amoa Gene ◽  
Continuous Operation ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Anammox Process

The enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria using an upflow anaerobic sludge bioreactor was successfully conducted for 400 days of continuous operation. The bacterial community structure of anammox bioreactor included Proteobacteria (42%), Chloroflexi (22%), Planctomycetes (20%), Chlorobi (7%), Bacteroidetes (5%), Acidobacteria (2%), and Actinobacteria (2%). All clones of Planctomycetes were affiliated with the anammox bacteria, Planctomycete KSU-1 (AB057453). The presence and diversity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) were identified by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) based on the amoA gene sequences. The AOB in anammox bioreactor were affiliated with the Nitrosomonas europaea cluster. The T-RFLP result of AOA showed the diverse microbial community structure of AOA with three terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs).

Impacts of erythromycin antibiotic on Anammox process: Performance and microbial community structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Zhang ◽  
Zhao Chen ◽  
Yongpeng Ma ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Process Performance ◽  
Anammox Process

Impact of aluminum chloride on process performance and microbial community structure of granular sludge in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for natural rubber processing wastewater treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 500-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Thanh ◽  
Takahiro Watari ◽  
Tran Phuong Thao ◽  
Masashi Hatamoto ◽  
Daisuke Tanikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

In this study, granular sludge formation was carried out using an aluminum chloride supplement in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating natural rubber processing wastewater. Results show that during the first 75 days after the start-up of the UASB reactor with an organic loading rate (OLR) of 2.65 kg-COD·m−3·day−1, it performed stably with a removal of 90% of the total chemical oxygen demand (COD) and sludge still remained in small dispersed flocs. However, after aluminum chloride was added at a concentration of 300 mg·L−1 and the OLR range was increased up to 5.32 kg-COD·m−3·day−1, the total COD removal efficiency rose to 96.5 ± 2.6%, with a methane recovery rate of 84.9 ± 13.4%, and the flocs began to form granules. Massively parallel 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the sludge retained in the UASB reactor showed that total sequence reads of Methanosaeta sp. and Methanosarcina sp., reported to be the key organisms for granulation, increased after 311 days of operation. This indicates that the microbial community structure of the retained sludge in the UASB reactor at the end of the experiment gave a good account of itself in not only COD removal, but also granule formation.

Effects of temperature gradients on AOB/NOB competition in MABR biofilms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Perez ◽  
Emily Clements ◽  
Cristian Picioreanu ◽  
Robert nerenberg
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Partial Nitrification ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Activated Sludge Processes

<p>The membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) is an emerging wastewater treatment technology that can greatly decrease energy requirements for wastewater treatment. It consists of cassettes of air-supplying, hollow-fiber membranes that can retrofit existing activated sludge processes. MABR behavior differs from conventional biofilm processes due to the counter-diffusion of the electron donor (ammonia) and acceptor (oxygen).</p> <p> </p> <p>Partial nitrification (PN), or partial nitrification Anammox (PNA), can further improve MABR energy efficiency and cost effectiveness.  To achieve this, ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) must outcompete nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB).  High temperatures favor AOB, but it is not feasible to heat the wastewater influent.  However, high-temperature compressed air can be supplied to the membrane lumen, increasing temperatures inside the biofilm without increasing the bulk temperatures. No previous research has addressed temperature gradients in biofilms, which can lead to gradients in  biodegradation kinetics, diffusivities, and O<sub>2</sub> solubility.</p> <p> </p> <p>The objective of this research was to explore the effect of temperature gradients in MABR biofilms, especially with respect to PN. We used a one-dimensional multi-species biofilm model, which considers the MABR physical and biochemical behavior, especially with respect to temperature. The model was implemented using COMSOL Multiphysics. We also used bench-scale experiments to explore the effect of biofilm temperature gradients on MABR nitrification and PN performances and microbial community structure.</p> <p> </p> <p>Model simulations showed that MABR biofilms exposed to a temperature gradient from 20 ºC (biofilm interior) to 10 ºC (bulk liquid) had a 60% increase in nitrification rates compared with biofilms at 10 ºC. More importantly, the model predicted a complete out competition of NOBs within the biofilm.</p> <p> </p> <p>Preliminary experimental results confirm a significant (105%) increase in nitrification fluxes with a temperature of 30ºC compared to ambient temperatures (20ºC). Future experiments will validate the model predicted effects of biofilm temperature gradients on nitrification fluxes and microbial community structure.</p>

Effects of hydroxylamine on microbial community structure and function of autotrophic nitrifying biofilms determined by in situ hybridization and the use of microelectrodes

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kindaichi ◽  
S. Okabe ◽  
H. Satoh ◽  
Y. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
And Function

Effects of hydroxylamine (NH2OH), an intermediate of NH4+ oxidation, on microbial community structure and function of two autotrophic nitrifying biofilms fed with and without NH2OH were analyzed by a 16S rRNA approach and the use of microelectrodes. In the NH2OH-added biofilm, partial oxidation of NH4+ to NO2- was observed, whereas complete oxidation of NH4+ to NO3- was achieved in the control biofilm. In situ hybridization results revealed that no nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) hybridized with any specific probes were detected in the NH2OH-added biofilm. Thus, the addition of low concentrations of NH2OH (250 mM) completely inhibited the growth of NOB. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA indicated that the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) detected in both biofilms were closely related to Nitrosomonas europaea, and that the clone sequences from both biofilm libraries have more than 99% similarity to each other. However, in situ hybridization results revealed that the addition of NH2OH changed the form of growth pattern of the dominant Nitrosomonas spp. from dense clusters mode to single scattered cells mode. Microelectrode measurements revealed that the average NH4+ consumption rate calculated in the NH2OH-added biofilm was two times higher than that in the control biofilm. This clearly demonstrated that the oxidation of NH4+ was stimulated by NH2OH addition.

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