Nutrient removal in wastewater treatment high rate algal ponds with carbon dioxide addition

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1758-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. K. Park ◽  
R. J. Craggs
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Rate Algal Ponds ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Addition ◽  
Co2 Addition

The influence of CO2 addition to high rate algal ponds (HRAPs) on nitrogen removal was investigated using two pilot-scale HRAPs operated with different hydraulic retention times (HRT: 4 and 8 days), and was compared to the nitrogen removal by the 8-day HRT pond before CO2 addition was installed. Nitrogen balances were calculated by partitioning total nitrogen into organic and inorganic nitrogen (NH+4-N and NO−3-N), and by separation of the organic nitrogen into particulate (PON) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). PON was further divided into algal organic nitrogen (AON) and bacteria organic nitrogen (BON) to investigate nitrogen mass flow in the HRAPs. This research shows that the proportion of algae in the algal/bacterial biomass in the longer 8-day HRT HRAP8d (55.6%) was appreciably lower than that in the shorter 4-day HRT HRAP4d (80.5%) when CO2 was added to control the maximum pH to <8.0 during the summer. Higher bacterial biomass in the longer 8-day HRT HRAP corresponded with higher nitrification rates, indicating that the longer 8-day HRT in the summer was detrimental for two reasons: lower algal productivity and increased nitrogen loss through nitrification/denitrification. Overall nitrogen removal of ~60% in the HRAPs with CO2 addition was mainly achieved by algal assimilation followed by sedimentation in the settling unit.

Wastewater treatment and algal production in high rate algal ponds with carbon dioxide addition

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. K. Park ◽  
R. J. Craggs
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Algal Production ◽  
High Rate Algal Ponds ◽  
Gravity Settling ◽  
Algal Productivity ◽  
Co2 Addition

High rate algal ponds (HRAPs) provide improved wastewater treatment over conventional wastewater stabilisation ponds; however, algal production and recovery of wastewater nutrients as algal biomass is limited by the low carbon:nitrogen ratio of wastewater. This paper investigates the influence of CO2 addition (to augment daytime carbon availability) on wastewater treatment performance and algal production of two pilot-scale HRAPs operated with different hydraulic retention times (4 and 8 days) over a New Zealand Summer (November–March, 07/08). Weekly measurements were made of influent and effluent flow rate and water qualities, algal and bacterial biomass production, and the percentage of algae biomass harvested in gravity settling units. This research shows that the wastewater treatment HRAPs with CO2 addition achieved a mean algal productivity of 16.7 g/m2/d for the HRAP4d (4 d HRT, maximum algae productivity of 24.7 g/m2/d measured in January 08) and 9.0 g/m2/d for the HRAP8d (8 d HRT)). Algae biomass produced in the HRAPs was efficiently harvested by simple gravity settling units (mean harvested algal productivity: 11.5 g/m2/d for the HRAP4d and 7.5 g/m2/d for the HRAP8d respectively). Higher bacterial composition and the larger size of algal/bacterial flocs of the HRAP8d biomass increased harvestability (83%) compared to that of HRAP4d biomass (69%).

Viability of nematode eggs in high rate algal ponds: the effect of physico-chemical conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Araki ◽  
J. M. González ◽  
E. de Luis ◽  
E. Bécares
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
High Rate Algal Ponds ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Chemical Conditions

The viability of Parascaris equorum eggs was studied in two experimental pilot-scale high-rate algal ponds (HRAPs) working in parallel with 4 and 10 days hydraulic retention time respectively. Semi-permeable bags of cellulose (15000 daltons pore size) were used to study the effect of physico-chemical conditions on the survival of these helminth eggs. Three thousand eggs were used in each bag. Replicates of these bags were submerged for 4 and 10 days in the HRAPs and egg viability was compared with that in control bags submerged in sterile water. After 4 days exposure, 60% reduction in viability was achieved, reaching 90% after 10 days, much higher than the 16% and 25% found in the control bags for 4 and 10 days respectively. Ionic conditions of the HRAP may have been responsible for up to 50–60% of the egg mortality, suggesting that mortality due to the ionic environment could be more important than physical retention and other potential removal factors.

scholarly journals Nitrification–denitrification in waste stabilisation ponds: a mechanism for permanent nitrogen removal in maturation ponds

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1137-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Camargo Valero ◽  
L. F. Read ◽  
D. D. Mara ◽  
R. J. Newton ◽  
T. P. Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Intermediate Step ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
Waste Stabilisation Ponds ◽  
Molecular Microbiology ◽  
Denitrification Process ◽  
Ammonia Oxidising Bacteria

A pilot-scale primary maturation pond was spiked with 15N-labelled ammonia (15NH4Cl) and 15N-labelled nitrite (Na15NO2), in order to improve current understanding of the dynamics of inorganic nitrogen transformations and removal in WSP systems. Stable isotope analysis of δ15N showed that nitrification could be considered as an intermediate step in WSP, which is masked by simultaneous denitrification, under conditions of low algal activity. Molecular microbiology analysis showed that denitrification can be considered a feasible mechanism for permanent nitrogen removal in WSP, which may be supported either by ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB) or by methanotrophs, in addition to nitrite-oxidising bacteria (NOB). However, the relative supremacy of the denitrification process over other nitrogen removal mechanisms (e.g., biological uptake) depends upon phytoplanktonic activity.

Optimization of a mainstream nitritation-denitritation process and anammox polishing

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pusker Regmi ◽  
Becky Holgate ◽  
Dana Fredericks ◽  
Mark W. Miller ◽  
Bernhard Wett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Tin Removal

This paper deals with an almost 1-year long pilot study of a nitritation-denitritation process that was followed by anammox polishing. The pilot plant treated real municipal wastewater at ambient temperatures. The effluent of high-rate activated sludge process (hydraulic retention time, HRT = 30 min, solids retention time = 0.25 d) was fed to the pilot plant described in this paper, where a constant temperature of 23 °C was maintained. The nitritation-denitritation process was operated to promote nitrite oxidizing bacteria out-selection in an intermittently aerated reactor. The intermittent aeration pattern was controlled using a strategy based on effluent ammonia and nitrate + nitrite concentrations. The unique feature of this aeration control was that fixed dissolved oxygen set-point was used and the length of aerobic and anoxic durations were changed based on the effluent ammonia and nitrate + nitrite concentrations. The anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) bacteria were adapted in mainstream conditions by allowing the growth on the moving bed bioreactor plastic media in a fully anoxic reactor. The total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal performance of the entire system was 75 ± 15% during the study at a modest influent chemical oxygen demand (COD)/NH4+-N ratio of 8.9 ± 1.8 within the HRT range of 3.1–9.4 h. Anammox polishing contributed 11% of overall TIN removal. Therefore, this pilot-scale study demonstrates that application of the proposed nitritation-denitritation system followed by anammox polishing is capable of relatively high nitrogen removal without supplemental carbon and alkalinity at a low HRT.

Nitrogen removal during summer and winter in a primary facultative waste stabilization pond: preliminary findings from 15N-labelled ammonium tracking techniques

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 979-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. C. van der Linde ◽  
D. D. Mara
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
Dye Tracer ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Rhodamine Wt ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Experimental Runs

Nitrogen removal mechanisms and pathways within WSP have been the focus of much research over the last 30 years. Debates and theories postulated continue to refine our knowledge regarding the cycling and removal pathways for this important nutrient, but a succinct answer has yet to be provided for holistic nitrogen removal. In this study, two experimental runs using labelled 15N as a stable isotope tracking technique were conducted on a pilot-scale primary facultative WSP in the UK; one in the summer of 2006, and the other in the winter of 2007. An ammonium chloride (15NH4Cl) spike was prepared as the slug for each experimental run, which also contained rhodamine WT to act as a dye tracer enabling the hydraulic characteristics of the pond to be mapped. Initial results from the study are reported here, and findings are compared and contrasted. Preliminary findings reveal that a greater proportion of 15N is incorporated into the algal biomass by assimilation and subsequent release as soluble organic nitrogen in summer than in winter. 15N ammonium passes out of the system much sooner and in a much higher proportion in the winter than in summer.

scholarly journals CO2 addition to increase biomass production and control microalgae species in high rate algal ponds treating wastewater

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 292-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrica Uggetti ◽  
Bruno Sialve ◽  
Jérôme Hamelin ◽  
Anaïs Bonnafous ◽  
Jean-Philippe Steyer
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Rate Algal Ponds ◽  
And Control ◽  
Co2 Addition

Enhancing biomass energy yield from pilot-scale high rate algal ponds with recycling

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (13) ◽  
pp. 4422-4432 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B.K. Park ◽  
R.J. Craggs ◽  
A.N. Shilton
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
High Rate Algal Ponds

High-rate nitrogen removal from waste brine by marine anammox bacteria in a pilot-scale UASB reactor

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 1501-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Yokota ◽  
Yasutsugu Watanabe ◽  
Takaaki Tokutomi ◽  
Tomohiro Kiyokawa ◽  
Tomoyuki Hori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anammox Bacteria

Nutrient removal by the integrated use of high rate algal ponds and macrophyte systems in China

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chen ◽  
Q. Zhou ◽  
J. Paing ◽  
H. Le ◽  
B. Picot
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
High Rate Algal Ponds ◽  
Nutrient Removal Efficiency

High Rate Algal Ponds (HRAP) were operated at pilot scale to investigate the performance of HRAP under the temperate climate conditions of Shanghai, China. The results indicated that the HRAP gave good efficiency for nutrient removal, especially during summer. With a retention time of 4 or 8d according to the season, the annual average removal efficiencies for COD, NH4-N and PO4-P were 50%, 87% and 40%, respectively. The multi-factor linear models showed the relationships between nutrient removal efficiency and influencing factors. Using a macrophyte pond to separate algae from HRAP can achieve concentrations of COD, TP and TKN in the effluent at around 50 mg/L, 1.5 mg/L and 5 mg/L respectively.

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