Viability of nematode eggs in high rate algal ponds: the effect of physico-chemical conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Araki ◽  
J. M. González ◽  
E. de Luis ◽  
E. Bécares
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
High Rate Algal Ponds ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Chemical Conditions

The viability of Parascaris equorum eggs was studied in two experimental pilot-scale high-rate algal ponds (HRAPs) working in parallel with 4 and 10 days hydraulic retention time respectively. Semi-permeable bags of cellulose (15000 daltons pore size) were used to study the effect of physico-chemical conditions on the survival of these helminth eggs. Three thousand eggs were used in each bag. Replicates of these bags were submerged for 4 and 10 days in the HRAPs and egg viability was compared with that in control bags submerged in sterile water. After 4 days exposure, 60% reduction in viability was achieved, reaching 90% after 10 days, much higher than the 16% and 25% found in the control bags for 4 and 10 days respectively. Ionic conditions of the HRAP may have been responsible for up to 50–60% of the egg mortality, suggesting that mortality due to the ionic environment could be more important than physical retention and other potential removal factors.

Nutrient removal in wastewater treatment high rate algal ponds with carbon dioxide addition

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1758-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. K. Park ◽  
R. J. Craggs
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Rate Algal Ponds ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Addition ◽  
Co2 Addition

The influence of CO2 addition to high rate algal ponds (HRAPs) on nitrogen removal was investigated using two pilot-scale HRAPs operated with different hydraulic retention times (HRT: 4 and 8 days), and was compared to the nitrogen removal by the 8-day HRT pond before CO2 addition was installed. Nitrogen balances were calculated by partitioning total nitrogen into organic and inorganic nitrogen (NH+4-N and NO−3-N), and by separation of the organic nitrogen into particulate (PON) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). PON was further divided into algal organic nitrogen (AON) and bacteria organic nitrogen (BON) to investigate nitrogen mass flow in the HRAPs. This research shows that the proportion of algae in the algal/bacterial biomass in the longer 8-day HRT HRAP8d (55.6%) was appreciably lower than that in the shorter 4-day HRT HRAP4d (80.5%) when CO2 was added to control the maximum pH to <8.0 during the summer. Higher bacterial biomass in the longer 8-day HRT HRAP corresponded with higher nitrification rates, indicating that the longer 8-day HRT in the summer was detrimental for two reasons: lower algal productivity and increased nitrogen loss through nitrification/denitrification. Overall nitrogen removal of ~60% in the HRAPs with CO2 addition was mainly achieved by algal assimilation followed by sedimentation in the settling unit.

Enhancing biomass energy yield from pilot-scale high rate algal ponds with recycling

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (13) ◽  
pp. 4422-4432 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B.K. Park ◽  
R.J. Craggs ◽  
A.N. Shilton
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
High Rate Algal Ponds

Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time on the Performance of High-Rate Activated Sludge System: a Pilot-Scale Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 228 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Guven ◽  
M. E. Ersahin ◽  
R. K. Dereli ◽  
H. Ozgun ◽  
D. Sancar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
System A ◽  
Activated Sludge System

High-Rate Algae Ponds for Wastewater Treatment and Protein Production

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 439-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Shelef
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Chemical Separation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Rate Algal Ponds ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Suspended Biomass

High-rate algal ponds (HRAP) under proper climatic conditions can produce annually over 150 tonnes of dry biomass per hectare of which 60 percent is photoautotrophic algae. This result in production of approximately 150 ton/ha-yr of oxygen, in addition 15 ton/ha-yr of nitrogen and 3 ton/ha-hr of phosphorus are removed by incorporation into the biomass which contain between 45 to 50 percent proteins. High quality effluent is produced following physico-chemical separation of the suspended biomass by alum flocculation and flotation.

Wastewater treatment and algal production in high rate algal ponds with carbon dioxide addition

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. K. Park ◽  
R. J. Craggs
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Algal Production ◽  
High Rate Algal Ponds ◽  
Gravity Settling ◽  
Algal Productivity ◽  
Co2 Addition

High rate algal ponds (HRAPs) provide improved wastewater treatment over conventional wastewater stabilisation ponds; however, algal production and recovery of wastewater nutrients as algal biomass is limited by the low carbon:nitrogen ratio of wastewater. This paper investigates the influence of CO2 addition (to augment daytime carbon availability) on wastewater treatment performance and algal production of two pilot-scale HRAPs operated with different hydraulic retention times (4 and 8 days) over a New Zealand Summer (November–March, 07/08). Weekly measurements were made of influent and effluent flow rate and water qualities, algal and bacterial biomass production, and the percentage of algae biomass harvested in gravity settling units. This research shows that the wastewater treatment HRAPs with CO2 addition achieved a mean algal productivity of 16.7 g/m2/d for the HRAP4d (4 d HRT, maximum algae productivity of 24.7 g/m2/d measured in January 08) and 9.0 g/m2/d for the HRAP8d (8 d HRT)). Algae biomass produced in the HRAPs was efficiently harvested by simple gravity settling units (mean harvested algal productivity: 11.5 g/m2/d for the HRAP4d and 7.5 g/m2/d for the HRAP8d respectively). Higher bacterial composition and the larger size of algal/bacterial flocs of the HRAP8d biomass increased harvestability (83%) compared to that of HRAP4d biomass (69%).

The performance of a high-rate algal pond in the Moroccan climate

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. El Hamouri ◽  
J. Jellal ◽  
K. Khallayoune ◽  
A. Benkerroum ◽  
A. Hajli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
First Order ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Bod Removal

The performance of a wastewater treatment system consisting of an anaerobic pond followed by a high-rate algal pond (HRAP) is presented. The results allowed establishment of a statistical model for HRAP design in similar climatic conditions. The results also allowed the determination of the first-order constant of faecal coliforms (FC) die-off. This constant was found to be 24.7 and 0.97 d-1, respectively, in the hot and the cold seasons. Also, some results are presented on the comprehension of the biological processes which take place in a homogeneous HRAP. They indicate that BOD and FC removals are separated in the time and that BOD removal always precedes FC die-off. Finally the results show that the helminth eggs were completely removed within an overall hydraulic retention time of 8.2 days.

Nutrient removal by the integrated use of high rate algal ponds and macrophyte systems in China

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chen ◽  
Q. Zhou ◽  
J. Paing ◽  
H. Le ◽  
B. Picot
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
High Rate Algal Ponds ◽  
Nutrient Removal Efficiency

High Rate Algal Ponds (HRAP) were operated at pilot scale to investigate the performance of HRAP under the temperate climate conditions of Shanghai, China. The results indicated that the HRAP gave good efficiency for nutrient removal, especially during summer. With a retention time of 4 or 8d according to the season, the annual average removal efficiencies for COD, NH4-N and PO4-P were 50%, 87% and 40%, respectively. The multi-factor linear models showed the relationships between nutrient removal efficiency and influencing factors. Using a macrophyte pond to separate algae from HRAP can achieve concentrations of COD, TP and TKN in the effluent at around 50 mg/L, 1.5 mg/L and 5 mg/L respectively.

Efficacy of anthelmintic Eprimek against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
V. I. Kolesnikov
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
The North ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Flotation Technique ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of the research is studying the efficacy of Eprimek (Eprinomectin) against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep.Materials and methods. A commercial experiment to study the antiparasitic efficacy of Eprimek was carried out in June 2020 on 300 lambs of the North Caucasian breed in a private flock of Filimonovskaya Village, Izobilnensky District, the Stavropol Territory, which were divided into two groups. The experimental group of lambs (290 animals) was injected Eprimek subcutaneously at the earset at a dose of 1 ml/50 kg of live weight (10 mg of Eprinomectin in 1 ml), and 10 lambs were not treated; they were used as control. We collected feces from the lambs of the experimental and control groups before administration of the drugs and after 15 and 30 days. Fecal samples were examined by the flotation technique with a saturated solution of ammonium nitrate with counting nematode eggs in 1 g of feces. The results were processed statistically.Results and discussion. Eprimek showed a decrease in the number of excreted helminth eggs from 225.1±28.2 to 4.1±2.3 in production environment at a dose of 1 ml/50 kg of live weight, according to coprological studies on the 15th day after treatment in the experimental group of lambs. The efficacy was 98.2%, and 70% of the animals were free from the infection. The intensity of infection of the control lambs by gastrointestinal nematodes was 131–151 eggs per 1 g of feces at 100% prevalence.

Depressed filtration ripening enhances removal of Cryptosporidium parvum

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gitis ◽  
R.C. Haught ◽  
R.M. Clark ◽  
E. Radha Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Kaolin Clay ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocysts ◽  
Granular Filtration ◽  
Electrostatic Adhesion ◽  
Innovative Concept

Pilot-scale experiments were conducted to investigate removal of Cryptosporidium parvum by contact granular filtration. The research demonstrated enhanced removal of Cryptosporidium parvum in the presence of kaolin particles. This is believed to be due electrostatic adhesion of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts to the kaolin clay particles. The elementary physico-chemical interactions between filter granules and suspension particles will be discussed. This innovative concept was successfully implemented to reduce the ripening sequence of subsequent filtration experimental test runs by the addition of large surface area particles to slurry of kaolin and Cryptosporidium parvum in surface water.

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