Histopathological Changes in Laboratory Animals Exposed to Protracted Low-Level Total-Body Neutron and Gamma Ray Fluxes - A Continuing Study

The heart is generally considered a radioresistant organ, and has received relatively little study after total-body irradiation with doses below the acutely lethal range. Some late damage in the irradiated heart has been described at the light microscopic level. However, since the dimensions of many important structures of the blood vessel wall are submicroscopic, investigators have turned to the electron microscope for adequate visualization of histopathological changes. Our studies are designed to evaluate ultrastructural changes in the mouse heart, particularly in the capillaries and muscle fibers, for 18 months after total-body exposure, and to compare the effects of 240 rad fission neutrons and 788 rad 60Co γ-rays.Three animals from each irradiated group and three control mice were sacrificed by ether inhalation at 4 days, and at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after irradiation. The thorax was opened and the heart was fixed briefly in situwith Karnofsky's fixative.

Employing Gamma Ray Irradiated Giardia lamblia as Trialed Vaccine in Experimental Animal

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.9.2.19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (02) ◽

Author(s):

Amal Kamil Abdul Sada ◽

Amany Mohamed Al-Kaysi

Keyword(s):

Giardia Lamblia ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Age Groups ◽

Active Phase ◽

Study Groups ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Gamma Irradiated

This is an experimental trial to prepare a vaccine from gamma-irradiated Giardia lamblia which is evaluated in experimental animals. The study was conducted from December 2015 to April 2016. The field survey of the parasite was conducted from those patients attending the laboratories of the Alawi Children's Hospital in Rusafa and the Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Karkh, through which 1250 stool samples of different age groups were examined. Five groups of mice were used in the study; the first was injected with normal saline and considered as a negative control group, the second was injected with cystic form of non-irradiated Giardia lamblia and considered as a positive control group, whereas the other three groups were injected with gamma irradiated Giardia lamblia at three different doses 10, 15 and 25 rad respectively. Giardia lamblia was primarily cultivated in liver infusion agar for ten days to obtain the active phase. On the sixth day, the cystic phase was purified and standardized to be used in the infection of mice with or without the exposure of gamma rays. Mice showed high sensitivity to parasitic infestation, in the gamma non-irradiated and the irradiated with gamma 10 rad, and 15 rad irradiated groups which was 100%. The results expressed an excystation process of the depleted phases and the release of the feeder phases. The results of the three irradiated groups consisted of histopathological changes of the small, and the rectum by dissection after two weeks of infection, with intestine amputation lesions, as well as ulceration and inflammation of the inflammatory cells represented in small numbers of neutrophil, lymphocytes, and eosinophils. The presence of ulceration and fall of epithelial cells in the intestinal cavity has been shown, and different forms of the parasite have been observed. Mice which was injected with irradiated G lamblia at high dose (25 rad), not show and sensitivity to the challenge infection and no excystation of thy parasite had been done. After 2 wreaks, a comparison was achieved between all study groups in which no histopathological changes were noticed in the mice irradiated with dose of25 rad. After another two weeks, a challenge dose was given (un-attenuated G lamblia) and mice were dissected after another two weeks, no changes on the level of histopathology of intestinal tissue were noticed the results suggested that mice acquire an immunity against the parasite infection.

Low level Ge(Li) gamma-ray spectrometry in marine radioactivity studies

Nuclear Instruments and Methods ◽

10.1016/0029-554x(71)90482-4 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 93 (2) ◽

pp. 317-332 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

S.R. Lewis ◽

N.H. Shafrir

Keyword(s):

Gamma Ray ◽

Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽

Low Level ◽

Marine Radioactivity

DOSE AND GAMMA-RAY SPECTRA FROM NEUTRON-INDUCED RADIOACTIVITY IN MEDICAL LINEAR ACCELERATORS FOLLOWING HIGH-ENERGY TOTAL BODY IRRADIATION

Radiation Protection Dosimetry ◽

10.1093/rpd/ncv480 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 172 (4) ◽

pp. 327-332 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. Keehan ◽

M. L. Taylor ◽

R. L. Smith ◽

L. Dunn ◽

T. Kron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Body Irradiation ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

High Energy ◽

Linear Accelerators ◽

Medical Linear Accelerators ◽

Total Body ◽

Induced Radioactivity

Improvements of a low-level gamma-ray spectrometry system at the underground laboratory “UDO”

Applied Radiation and Isotopes ◽

10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.01.025 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 67 (5) ◽

pp. 726-730 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

S. Neumaier ◽

M. Wojcik ◽

H. Dombrowski ◽

D. Arnold

Keyword(s):

Gamma Ray ◽

Underground Laboratory ◽

Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽

Low Level

Evaluation of gamma ray-induced gastrointestinal tract morphological and proliferative activity changes in rhesus monkeys

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327115622259 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 (10) ◽

pp. 1133-1144

Author(s):

T Chen ◽

L Wang ◽

K Chen ◽

S Qiu ◽

X Cen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Rhesus Monkeys ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Radiation Group ◽

Brdu Labeling ◽

Brdu Immunohistochemistry ◽

Gamma Ray Irradiation ◽

Colon And Rectum ◽

Total Body ◽

High Level

To provide support for future pharmacology and preclinical studies, we have established a stable nonhuman primate animal model to demonstrate the histopathological changes in the gastrointestinal tract following gamma ray irradiation. In this study, 12 healthy rhesus monkeys were divided into 2 groups (control and radiation groups). Animals in the radiation group were exposed to gamma rays (cobalt 60 source) at a dose level of 6.5 Gy total body irradiation bilaterally (i.e. 3.25 Gy on each side). Control animals were sham exposed using identical procedures. After a 5-day in-life observation period, gastrointestinal tract tissues (esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, and rectum) were collected and fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin for subsequent hematoxylin and eosin and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry processing. The results showed that the esophagus was undergoing degeneration without obvious inflammatory changes, while the stomach and duodenum exhibited both degeneration and inflammation. From the jejunum to the rectum, late-stage inflammation with glandular regeneration, as well as a high-level BrdU labeling index, was present.

An evaluation of commercial IBM PC software for the analysis of low level environmental gamma-ray spectra

Environment International ◽

10.1016/0160-4120(88)90019-0 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 379-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Colin G. Sanderson

Keyword(s):

Gamma Ray ◽

Low Level ◽

Ibm Pc

A selective and versatile low level beta-, X-, and gamma-ray detector assembly

Nuclear Instruments and Methods ◽

10.1016/0029-554x(69)90454-6 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 251-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Narendra Bhandari

Keyword(s):

Gamma Ray ◽

Low Level ◽

Gamma Ray Detector ◽

Detector Assembly