Ecological environment detection and environmental protection technology becomes an important means to ensure the sustainable development of human beings. Under the premise of the common development of the world’s environmental protection, environmental protection is becoming more and more important. Under the background of the development of science and technology, human beings should also fundamentally solve the ecological environmental protection problem. At the same time, multi-domain ecological environment monitoring data will be used to improve the data processing technology capacity to meet the government’s multi-source control needs and improve the government’s scientific decision-making effect. Starting from the significance of applying ecological environment detection and environmental protection technology, this paper explores and defines the problems existing in the ecological environment detection and environmental protection technology, and puts forward corresponding optimization strategies in combination with big data technology for reference.