Some Thoughts on Building a Green and Low-Carbon Circular Economy System—Taking Shenzhen as an Example

The report of the 19th National People’s Congress of China proposed to implement the new development concept, promote green development, and establish a sound economic system for green and low-carbon circular development. As one of the most active coastal cities in China’s economic development, Shenzhen regards the development of green industries as an important measure to promote economic restructuring, emphasizes green innovation in science and technology, and has achieved certain results in green development. However, Shenzhen’s green development also faces problems such as lack of systematic and coordinated development strategies and institutional obstacles. Focusing on the strategic goal of “creating a pilot demonstration zone of socialism with Chinese characteristics”, the author discussed the governance path of Shenzhen’s construction of a green and low-carbon circular economic system from the perspective of effective governance, and formed a scientific decision-making mechanism, sound laws and regulations, and Countermeasures and suggestions in several aspects, such as the standard system, perfecting economic policies, and promoting the deep integration of science and technology policies and technological innovation.

Fishing in the Dark: Science, Values and Deep Water Fisheries Research

<p>This research sought to assesss the safeguards protecting scientific objectivity in New Zealand deep-water fisheries science decision-making fora. Managing depleted, slow-growing and poorly-understood stocks demands particularly accurate, objective scientific information. New Zealand's Ministry of Fisheries undertakes deep-water fisheries management in an nformation-poor, high-stakes context. This context means neither of the two strictly separate policy and scientific advice processes is able, in isolation, to provide advice confidently. Preliminary investigations suggested that to enable the Ministry to meet the ongoing need for management of deep-water fishing, science fora are effectively taking on a quasi-policy role. This research investigated whether deep-water fisheries science processes have sufficient safeguards to protect the objectivity of scientific decision-making in this difficult climate, thereby ensuring maximum accuracy in their advice. Twentytwo personal interviews were conducted with key informants, and analysed using grounded theory. Themes thus revealed were analysed in light of concepts from economics, philosophy of science and institutional analysis literature. Research suggested that the scientific process is ill-suited for handling non-scientific judgements, and the spread of non-scientific considerations into scientific fora is risking the objectivity of scientific analysis which is critical for fisheries management. Imbalanced stakeholder representation in scientific fora further imperils objectivity in these fora, with potentially significant implications for sustainable fisheries management.</p>

Fishing in the Dark: Science, Values and Deep Water Fisheries Research

<p>This research sought to assesss the safeguards protecting scientific objectivity in New Zealand deep-water fisheries science decision-making fora. Managing depleted, slow-growing and poorly-understood stocks demands particularly accurate, objective scientific information. New Zealand's Ministry of Fisheries undertakes deep-water fisheries management in an nformation-poor, high-stakes context. This context means neither of the two strictly separate policy and scientific advice processes is able, in isolation, to provide advice confidently. Preliminary investigations suggested that to enable the Ministry to meet the ongoing need for management of deep-water fishing, science fora are effectively taking on a quasi-policy role. This research investigated whether deep-water fisheries science processes have sufficient safeguards to protect the objectivity of scientific decision-making in this difficult climate, thereby ensuring maximum accuracy in their advice. Twentytwo personal interviews were conducted with key informants, and analysed using grounded theory. Themes thus revealed were analysed in light of concepts from economics, philosophy of science and institutional analysis literature. Research suggested that the scientific process is ill-suited for handling non-scientific judgements, and the spread of non-scientific considerations into scientific fora is risking the objectivity of scientific analysis which is critical for fisheries management. Imbalanced stakeholder representation in scientific fora further imperils objectivity in these fora, with potentially significant implications for sustainable fisheries management.</p>

Integrating philosophy of science in civil engineering: an integrative course design strategy

Many philosophers of science think scientific practice can benefit from philosophical concepts, and as such philosophy of science should play a direct role in science and engineering education. In this paper we consider a highly integrative course design strategy for integrating philosophy of science in specific disciplinary educational programmes through adaptation, operationalization and embedding of philosophy of science material to fit both the scientific and educational structure of a programme. The goal of the strategy is to help encourage students to recognize the value of philosophical concepts to scientific decision making and to apply them in their own scientific practice. We use the example of a 7.5 ECTS civil engineering course which implements this design at a European technical university, to elaborate these concepts, and present some evidence on how students receive the course. We discuss some of challenges and limitations of implementing this kind of strategy for teaching philosophy of science.

Sports Policy and Training Decision Support Method Based on Wireless Sensor Network

In recent years, the awareness of sports departments at all levels of society to promote sports through science and has been increasing, and the scientific decision-making and management of sports have been improved to a great extent. With the application of scientific decision-making combined with a real-time sports data monitoring network, the opponent’s advance information can be effectively observed during the game and reasonable decisions can be made to deal with the opponent’s offense. Therefore, high-level athletes appear to be more relaxed and calm in the game. It first requires the application of advanced information collection methods to obtain sports data quickly, in real time and at low cost, and extract information about athletes’ scientific management decision-making from massive data and then make scientific management decisions for sports training. The modern sports method is highly open, and big data mining also profoundly affects the relevant decision-making of sports training. How to design appropriate decision support tools to grasp the key points of the problem in sports information data and make reasonable and correct decisions is a problem that is closely watched by macro decision-makers and coaches at all levels. This article mainly introduces the training decision support method derived from data mining and intends to provide some technical directions for making scientific decisions in sports training. This paper proposes related algorithms of a training decision support method derived from data mining, including training effectiveness prediction model and decision tree algorithm, for the design of the training decision support method derived from data mining. Experimental data shows that the average error between the prediction of the effectiveness of the training method and the actual situation of the training decision support method in this paper is 0.913%, which is helpful for the management or coach to make decisions.

Personalized Scholar Recommendation Based on Multi-Dimensional Features

The rapid development of social networking platforms in recent years has made it possible for scholars to find partners who share similar research interests. Nevertheless, this task has become increasingly challenging with the dramatic increase in the number of scholar users over social networks. Scholar recommendation has recently become a hot topic. Thus, we propose a personalized scholar recommendation approach, Mul-RSR (Multi-dimensional features based Research Scholar Recommendation), which improves accuracy and interpretability. In this work, Mul-RSR aims to provide personalized recommendation for academic social platforms. Mul-RSR uses the Doc2Vec text model and the random walk algorithm to calculate textual similarity and social relevance to measure the correlation between scholars. It is able to recommend Top-N scholars for each scholar based on multi-layer perception and attention mechanism. To evaluate the proposed approach, we conduct a series of experiments based on public and self-collected ResearchGate datasets. The results demonstrate that our approach improves the recommendation hit rate, and the hit rate reaches 59.31% when the N value is 30. Through these evaluations, we show Mul-RSR can provide a more solid scientific decision-making basis and achieve a better recommendation effect.

Predictors and effects of scientific knowledge

PurposeScientific knowledge has been a topic of interest for scholars for a long time; however, its impact on scientific decision- making and determining trust is severely underresearched. This study is aimed at determining the relationship between cultural and social attitudes and scientific knowledge and the impact of knowledge on trust in scientists in general.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a face-to-face survey, drawing from a nationally representative sample of the adult Serbian population (N = 1,451). The authors tested the following parameters: a. the levels of scientific knowledge within the Serbian population; b. social and cultural values as predictors of scientific knowledge and c. the effects of scientific knowledge on trust in scientists.FindingsThe analysis shows a moderate level of scientific knowledge, predominantly positive public attitudes towards scientists. The authors found that scientific knowledge indeed predicts trust in scientists on various issues, and so do cultural and social worldviews, both directly and even more significantly through the mediation of scientific knowledge.Originality/valueThis is the first attempt to assess the level of scientific knowledge among the Serbian public and evaluate its, as well as other factors', influence on public attitudes toward scientists in a time when trusting experts is of great relevance.

Measuring Spatial Accessibility of Urban Medical Facilities: A Case Study in Changning District of Shanghai in China

Medical facilities help to ensure a higher quality of life and improve social welfare. The spatial accessibility determines the allocation fairness and efficiency of medical facilities. It also provides information about medical services that residents can share. Although critical, scholars often overlooked the level of medical facilities, the composition of integrated transportation networks, and the size of service catchment in the literature on accessibility. This study aims to fill this research gap by considering the integrated transportation network, population scale, travel impedance between medical facilities and residential areas, and the impact of medical facilities’ levels on residents’ medical choices. An improved potential model was constructed to analyze the spatial accessibility of medical facilities in Changning District of Shanghai, China. Interpolation analysis was conducted to reveal the spatial accessibility pattern. Cluster and outlier analysis and Getis-Ord Gi* analysis were applied for the cluster analysis. Results show that the spatial accessibility of medical facilities is quite different in different residential areas of Changning District, Shanghai. Among them, the spatial accessibility of medical facilities is relatively high in Hongqiao subdistrict, Xinjing Town, and part of Xinhua Road subdistrict. In addition, residents have overall better access to secondary hospitals than to primary and tertiary hospitals in the study area. This study provides a spatial decision support system for urban planners and policymakers regarding improving the accessibility of healthcare facilities. It extends the literature on spatial planning of public facilities and could facilitate scientific decision making.

Measuring the Degree of Balance between Urban and Tourism Development: An Analytical Approach Using Cellular Data

This study presents an analytical approach for measuring the degree of balance between urban and tourism development, which has been previously analyzed qualitatively and was difficult to measure. With the help of 1012 million cellular data records generated by 20 million users in two weeks, we tracked the behavior of residents, commuters, and tourists at a set of historical conservation areas in central Shanghai. We calculated the degree of balance and visualized it via ternary graphs. Moreover, the relationships between key urban features derived from multi-sourced urban data and balanced degrees of tourism development were analyzed via multinomial logistic analysis. Insights gained from this analysis will help to achieve a more scientific decision-making process toward balanced urban development for historical conservation area. Achievements in this study contribute to the development of human-centered planning through providing continuous measurements of an “unmeasurable” quality.

Governing through community-based research: Lessons from the Canadian HIV research sector

The “general public” and specific “communities” are increasingly being integrated into scientific decision-making. This shift emphasizes “scientific citizenship” and collaboration between interdisciplinary scientists, lay people, and multi-sector stakeholders (universities, healthcare, and government). The objective of this paper is to problematize these developments through a theoretically informed reading of empirical data that describes the consequences of bringing together actors in the Canadian HIV community-based research (CBR) movement. Drawing on Foucauldian “governmentality” the complex inner workings of the impetus to conduct collaborative research are explored. The analysis offered surfaces the ways in which a formalized approach to CBR, as promoted through state funding mechanisms, determines the structure and limits of engagement while simultaneously reinforcing the need for finer grained knowledge about marginalized communities. Here, discourses about risk merge with notions of “scientific citizenship” to implicate both researchers and communities in a process of governance.