Diversified Synthetic Pathway of 1, 4-Dihydropyridines: A Class of Pharmacologically Important Molecules

: The current review discusses the different synthetic pathways for one of the most important and interesting heterocyclic ring systems 1,4-dihydropyridine. This cyclic system depicts diverse pharmacological action at several receptors, channels, and enzymes. Dihydropyridine moiety plays an important role in several calcium-channel blockers. Moreover, it has been exploited for the treatment of a variety of cardiovascular diseases due to its potential antihypertensive, anti-angina, vasodilator, and cardiac depressant activities. Furthermore, it also shows antibacterial, anticancer, antileishmanial, anticoagulant, anticonvulsant, anti-tubercular, antioxidant, antiulcer, and neuroprotective properties. Several reports have demonstrated dihydropyridine derivatives as a potentiator of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein, potent antimalarial agent and HIV-1 protease inhibitor. Herein, we have briefly reviewed different novel chemistry and synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine.