Relation between HIV and Infant Feeding - A Review Article

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmina D. Acharya ◽  
Rutu Patel ◽  
Nilofar Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Maternal Viral Load ◽  
Mother To Child

Breast feeding increases the risk of HIV transmission from mother to child. Transmission through breast feeding is associated with increased maternal viral load in plasma and breast milk. Modern medical science suggests HIV infected women should give breast milk with accompanying prophylactic antiretroviral therapy to lower the risk of HIV transmission. According to Ayurveda, mother with vitiated breast milk should avoid breast feeding as it is responsible for developing many diseases in the child.

scholarly journals Advances and Failures in Preventing Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Buchanan ◽  
Coleen K. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Perinatal Transmission ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
Mother To Child

SUMMARY An estimated 2.5 million children are currently living with HIV, the vast majority as a result of mother-to-child transmission. Prevention of perinatal HIV infection has been immensely successful in developed countries. A comprehensive package of services, including maternal and infant antiretroviral therapy, elective cesarean section, and avoidance of breast-feeding, has resulted in transmission rates of less than 2%. However, in developing countries, access to such services is often not available, as demonstrated by the fact that the vast majority of children with HIV live in Africa. Over the past few years, many developing nations have made great strides in improving access to much-needed services. Notably, in eastern and southern Africa, the regions most affected by HIV, mother-to-child-transmission coverage rates for HIV-positive women increased from 11% in 2004 to 31% in 2006. These successes are deserving of recognition, while not losing sight of the fact that much remains to be done; currently, an estimated 75% of pregnant women worldwide have an unmet need for antiretroviral therapy. Further work is needed to determine the optimal strategy for reducing perinatal transmission among women in resource-poor settings, with a particular need for reduction of transmission via breast-feeding.

scholarly journals Rapid assessment of infant feeding support to HIV-positive women accessing prevention of mother-to-child transmission services in Kenya, Malawi and Zambia

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2323-2328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickey Chopra ◽  
Tanya Doherty ◽  
Saba Mehatru ◽  
Mark Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
National Level ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Mother To Child

AbstractObjectiveThe possibility of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV through breast-feeding has focused attention on how best to support optimal feeding practices especially in low-resource and high-HIV settings, which characterizes most of sub-Saharan Africa. To identify strategic opportunities to minimize late postnatal HIV transmission, we undertook a review of selected country experiences on HIV and infant feeding, with the aims of documenting progress over the last few years and determining the main challenges and constraints.DesignField teams conducted national-level interviews with key informants and visited a total of thirty-six facilities in twenty-one sites across the three countries – eighteen facilities in Malawi, eleven in Kenya and seven in Zambia. During these visits interviews were undertaken with key informants such as the district and facility management teams, programme coordinators and health workers.SettingA rapid assessment of HIV and infant feeding counselling in Kenya, Malawi and Zambia, undertaken from February to May 2007.ResultsInfant feeding counselling has, until now, been given low priority within programmes aimed at prevention of MTCT (PMTCT) of HIV. This is manifest in the lack of resources – human, financial and time – for infant feeding counselling, leading to widespread misunderstanding of the HIV transmission risks from breast-feeding. It has also resulted in lack of space and time for proper counselling, poor support and supervision, and very weak monitoring and evaluation of infant feeding. Finally, there are very few examples of linkages with community-based infant feeding interventions. However, all three countries have started to revise their feeding policies and strategies and there are signs of increased resources.ConclusionsIn order to sustain this momentum it will be necessary to continue the advocacy with the HIV community and stress the importance of child survival – not just minimization of HIV transmission – and hence the need for integrating MTCT prevention.

scholarly journals Antiretroviral therapy containing raltegravir to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV in infected pregnant women

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego M. Cecchini ◽  
Marina G. Martinez ◽  
Laura M. Morganti ◽  
Claudia G. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Late Presenter ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Median Viral Load ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Mother To Child

We conducted a retrospective study in a general hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina (2009-2015) aimed at evaluating outcomes in HIV-infected pregnant women (HIPW), who were prescribed raltegravir (RAL)- containing antiretroviral therapy (ART). A total of 239 HIPW were enrolled in our study; among them 31 received RAL (12.9%) at different clinical stages: i) intensification (INS): addition of RAL to current ART because of detectable antepartum viral load, 13 (41.9%); ii) late presenter (LP): standard ART + RAL as fourth drug, 15 (48.4%); iii) treatment of resistant-HIV: 3 (9.7%). Median gestational age at RAL initiation was 34 weeks and median exposure was 30 days. In INS-group, median viral load (VL) decrease was 1.48 log10. In LPgroup, median VL decline was 2.15 log10. No clinical adverse events or maternal intolerance attributable to RAL were observed. Elective cesarean section was done in 51.7%; mild elevation of transaminases was observed in 35% of neonates. No vertical transmission was documented.

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