Enhancing Plant Growth by Chicken Feather Compost Obtained from Feather Degradation  by Streptomyces enissocaesili

Chicken feathers are predominantly composed of keratin; hence, valorizing the wastes becomes an imperative. In view of this, we isolated keratinase-producing bacteria and identified them through the 16S rDNA sequence. The process condition for keratinase activity was optimized, and electron micrography of the degradation timelines was determined. Keratinolytic bacteria were isolated and identified as Bacillus sp. FPF-1, Chryseobacterium sp. FPF-8, Brevibacillus sp. Nnolim-K2, Brevibacillus sp. FPF-12 and Brevibacillus sp. FSS-1; and their respective nucleotide sequences were deposited in GenBank, with the accession numbers MG214993, MG214994, MG214995, MG214996 and MG214999. The degree of feather degradation and keratinase concentration among the isolates ranged from 62.5 ± 2.12 to 86.0 ± 1.41(%) and 214.55 ± 5.14 to 440.01 ± 20.57 (U/mL), respectively. In the same vein, 0.1% (w/v) xylose, 0.5% (w/v) chicken feather, an initial fermentation pH of 5.0, fermentation temperature of 25 °C and an agitation speed of 150 rpm, respectively, served as the optimal physicochemical conditions for keratinase activity by Bacillus sp. FPF-1. The time course showed that Bacillus sp. FPF-1 yielded a keratinase concentration of 1698.18 ± 53.99(U/mL) at 120 h. The electron microscopic imaging showed completely structural dismemberment of intact chicken feather. Bacillus sp. FPF-1 holds great potential in the valorization of recalcitrant keratinous biomass from the agro sector into useful products.

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Production and biochemical and molecular characterization of a keratinolytic serine protease from chicken feather-degradingBacillus licheniformisRPk

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/w08-143 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 427-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Nahed Fakhfakh ◽

Safia Kanoun ◽

Laila Manni ◽

Moncef Nasri

Keyword(s):

Serine Protease ◽

Gel Filtration ◽

Chicken Feather ◽

Feather Degradation ◽

Subtilisin Carlsberg ◽

Degrading Bacterium ◽

Step Procedure ◽

Sds Page ◽

Optimum Ph ◽

Optimum Ph And Temperature

A novel feather-degrading bacterium was isolated from a polluted river and identified as Bacillus licheniformis RPk. The isolate exhibited high proteinase production when grown in chicken-feather media. Complete feather degradation was achieved during cultivation. Maximum protease activity (4150 U/mL with casein as a substrate and 37.35 U/mL with keratin as a substrate) was obtained when the strain was grown in a medium containing 7.5 g/L chicken feathers, 2 g/L yeast extract, 0.5 g/L NaCl, 0.1 g/L MgSO4·7H2O, 0.7 g/L KH2PO4, and 1.4 g/L K2HPO4for 48 h with agitation of 200 rev/min at 37 °C. The major protease produced by B. licheniformis RPk was purified to homogeneity by a 3-step procedure. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 32 kDa by SDS–PAGE and gel filtration. The optimum pH and temperature for the caseinolytic activity were around 11.0 and 65 °C, respectively. The optimum pH and temperature for the keratinolytic activity were 9.0 and 60 °C, respectively. The activity of the enzyme was totally lost in the presence of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, which suggests that the purified enzyme is a serine protease. The thermostability of the enzyme was considerably enhanced in the presence of Ca2+at temperatures >50 °C. The kerRP gene, which encodes the keratinolytic protease, was isolated, and its DNA sequence was determined. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed that the keratinase KerRP differs from KerA of B. licheniformis PWD-1, subtilisin Carlsberg, and keratinase of B. licheniformis by 2, 4, and 62 amino acids, respectively.

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Alkaline proteases produced by Bacillus licheniformis RP1 grown on shrimp wastes: Application in chitin extraction, chicken feather-degradation and as a dehairing agent

Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering ◽

10.1007/s12257-010-0410-7 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 669-678 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Anissa Haddar ◽

Noomen Hmidet ◽

Olfa Ghorbel-Bellaaj ◽

Nahed Fakhfakh-Zouari ◽

Alya Sellami-Kamoun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Licheniformis ◽

Alkaline Proteases ◽

Chicken Feather ◽

Feather Degradation ◽

Chitin Extraction ◽

Shrimp Wastes

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Chicken Feather Compost to Promote the Plant Growth Activity by Using Keratinolytic Bacteria

Waste and Biomass Valorization ◽

10.1007/s12649-017-0004-0 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 531-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Siddharthan Nagarajan ◽

Poongothai Eswaran ◽

Raja Prabu Masilamani ◽

Hemalatha Natarajan

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Chicken Feather ◽

Growth Activity

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Mechanisms of ethylene biosynthesis and response in plants

Essays in Biochemistry ◽

10.1042/bse0580061 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 61-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Paul B. Larsen

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽

Unsaturated Hydrocarbon ◽

Flower Senescence ◽

Detailed Knowledge ◽

Plant Growth And Development ◽

Step Process ◽

Ethylene Response ◽

Ethylene Signalling

Ethylene is the simplest unsaturated hydrocarbon, yet it has profound effects on plant growth and development, including many agriculturally important phenomena. Analysis of the mechanisms underlying ethylene biosynthesis and signalling have resulted in the elucidation of multistep mechanisms which at first glance appear simple, but in fact represent several levels of control to tightly regulate the level of production and response. Ethylene biosynthesis represents a two-step process that is regulated at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels, thus enabling plants to control the amount of ethylene produced with regard to promotion of responses such as climacteric flower senescence and fruit ripening. Ethylene production subsequently results in activation of the ethylene response, as ethylene accumulation will trigger the ethylene signalling pathway to activate ethylene-dependent transcription for promotion of the response and for resetting the pathway. A more detailed knowledge of the mechanisms underlying biosynthesis and the ethylene response will ultimately enable new approaches to be developed for control of the initiation and progression of ethylene-dependent developmental processes, many of which are of horticultural significance.

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