Four poinsettia cultivars were grown in glass greenhouses in Gainesville, Fla., in the Fall 1997 to evaluate differences in floral initiation and subsequent development. Three means of regulating photoperiod were 1) natural days 2) long-day lighting to 6 Oct. and then natural days (lights out) 3) long-day lighting to 6 Oct., and then short-day conditions by black cloth for 15 h (black cloth). At 2-day intervals, sample meristems were collected and examined for initiation of reproductive development. Average minimum and maximum temperatures during the first two weeks of October were 22 and 29 °C, respectively, with an average temperature of 25.3 °C. The overall average temperature was 23.2 °C from planting to anthesis. Differences in anthesis dates among cultivars were primarily due to time to initiation vs. rate of development. Under natural days, `Lilo' initiated first on 8 Oct. and `Freedom', `Peterstar', and `Success', followed by 6, 8, and 18 days, respectively. Lights out resulted in `Lilo' initiating 17 Oct., followed by `Freedom', `Peterstar', and `Success' initiating 7, 12, and 15 days later, respectively. Differences between cultivars in time of initiation was reduced under black cloth, where `Lilo' initiated 14 Oct., followed by `Freedom' 2 days later, and `Peterstar' and `Success' 7 days afterward. Initiation was positively correlated to visible bud and anthesis. First color was positively correlated to initiation and visible bud, with the exception of `Lilo'. Growth room studies conducted using various high temperatures and photoperiods indicated similar trends.
Flower Initiation in Total Darkness in a Long Day Plant, Raphanus sativus L.