Measures of Repression: Converging on the Same Construct?

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Turvey ◽  
Peter Salovey
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Repressive Coping ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Practical Utility ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Factor Analysis ◽  
Negative Thoughts ◽  
Coping Scale

Research on individual differences in repression, defined as the tendency not to experience negative thoughts and feelings, has led to the development of numerous measures. This article compares six common measures of repression: 1) the Byrne Repression-Sensitization scale, 2) Weinberger's Repressive Coping Scale, 3) the Weinberger Adjustment Inventory, 4) Miller's Monitoring and Blunting Scale, 5) Sackeim and Gur's Self-Deception Questionnaire, and 6) Paulus's Self-Deception Questionnaire. The measures were highly intercorrelated. A maximum likelihood factor analysis revealed that all but the Monitoring and Blunting Scale loaded on a single factor. Moreover, most of the measures correlated significantly with anxiety and social desirability. The instruments were then compared to assess their relative practical utility. Although all but the Monitoring and Blunting scale appear to measure the same construct, the Weinberger Adjustment Inventory appears to be the most psychometrically sound measure of dispositional repression.

An Exploratory Factor Analysis of Hartmann's Boundary Questionnaire and an Empirically-Derived Short Version

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rawlings
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Factor Analysis ◽  
Scale Reliability ◽  
Promax Rotation

The Boundary Questionnaire (BQ) of Ernest Hartmann measures individual differences in the “thinness” of the mental boundaries presumed to separate the contents of consciousness. We report a study in which 300 undergraduates completed the 145-item BQ. Their scores were factor analyzed using Maximum Likelihood factor analysis followed by Promax rotation. Seven substantially uncorrelated factors emerged from the rotation. Subsequent analyses aimed at developing an empirically-derived short version of the questionnaire (abbreviated BQ-Sh) produced six subscales labeled Unusual Experiences, Need for Order, Trust, Perceived Competence, Childlikeness, and Sensitivity, with the Trust subscale omitted from calculation of the total score. Subscales of the 46-item BQ-Sh varied in reliability (alpha) from .80 to .65. It had a full-scale reliability of .74 and correlated strongly with the original BQ ( r = .88). It is compared with an alternative, rationally-derived short version with which it showed a correlation of .77.

Emotion and Behavior: A General Factor of Personality From the EAS Temperament Survey and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 668-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Veselka ◽  
Julie Aitken Schermer ◽  
Caroline Just ◽  
Yoon-Mi Hur ◽  
J. Philippe Rushton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Principal Factor ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties Questionnaire ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Order Dimension ◽  
General Factor Of Personality ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties ◽  
And Behavior

The mothers of 603 pairs of 3- to 13-year-old twins in Korea completed the Emotionality, Activity, Sociability (EAS) Temperament Survey and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in reference to their twins. Principal factor analysis of the seven scales comprising these measures yielded a general factor on which all the scales had moderate to large loadings. Univariate behavioral genetic analyses showed that individual differences on this general factor could best be accounted for by additive genetic and non-shared environmental effects, with a heritability of 53%. The results strengthen the construct validity of the general factor of personality (GFP) by extracting this higher-order dimension from disparate measures, and have implications regarding social desirability criticisms applied to the GFP theory.

Validity of Higher-Order Ability Constructs in Structure-of-Intellect Tests All Involving Semantic Content and Operations of Cognition or Evaluation: A Confirmatory Maximum Likelihood Factor Analysis

1985 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Mace ◽  
William B. Michael ◽  
Dennis Hocevar
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Factor Analysis ◽  
Practical Standpoint ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Structure Of Intellect

Through use of confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis in conjunction with the LISREL V computer program devised by Jöreskog and Sörbom, an evaluation was made of the validity of higher-order ability constructs in structure-of-intellect tests all containing semantic content and operations of cognition or evaluation. The hypothesized first-, second-, and third-order factors were all reproducible with every one of the estimated factor loadings being significant beyond the .01 level. Although the first- and second-order factors were shown to be reproducible and statistically separable, the high intercorrelations among the six first-order product factors and the two second-order operations factors would suggest from a practical standpoint that the single third-order factor of semantic content would constitute a plausible alternative for accounting for much of the covariance among the test variables.

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