Assessment of Aquatic Ecological Health: A Case Study of Lake Rewalsar, Himachal Pradesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
RAMA KUMARI ◽  
PARMANAND KUMAR

The present study was conducted for two years to analyze the water quality of the sacred lake Rewalsar. Water quality of different seasons was evaluated by water quality index. Various statistical techniques, such as correlation, principal component analysis were applied. Based on Water Quality Index, water quality of the lake was in the range of 33-80 in different seasons. Cluster analysis of similarity indicates the relationship intensity between the seasons as cluster ranged 80-100% during the study period. In the principal component analysis maximum variables (Conductivity, Alkalinity, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Nitrates, Phosphates, and Chloride) shows maximum influence during the summer and monsoon. The outcome revealed that the major driving factors of water quality deterioration are the runoff of effluent from the domestic area and offering food materials to the fishes. So, it is necessary to implement effective management strategies for the conservation of the Rewalsarlake.

Author(s):  
Buba Apagu Ankidawa ◽  
Ujah Linus Sunday ◽  
Ibrahim Vanke

The research is aimed to assess the surface and groundwater quality in Otukpo area and environs, Benue State, North Eastern Nigeria. Sixteen water samples were collected from 7 boreholes, 7 hand duck wells and 2 rivers. The water samples were analysed chemically and bacteriologically using spectrophotometric, titrimetric and membrane filtration methods. Analytical results indicated that the groundwater in the area is acidic, fresh and moderately hard. The order of abundance of the cations were in Na+<K+<Mg2+<Ca2+ while the anions were in the order of Cl-<HCO3->SO42-<NO3-. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified four factors that accounts for 69.73% of the total variance. Correlation analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) revealed pollution from application of agricultural fertilizers, anthropogenic contamination and rock-water interaction as the major processes responsible for the modification of surface and groundwater chemistry of the research area. The Gibbs diagram plot shows that, the sample points fall under rock dominance and weathering zones, which suggested precipitation, induced chemical weathering with the dissolution of rock-forming minerals. The piper diagram classified groundwater samples as Ca-Mg-HCO3 water type. Water Quality Index (WQI) values range from 22.05 to 56.13 which indicated good and excellent water category. The SAR values range from 0.02 to 0.66 the values belong to the excellent category and is suitable for irrigation. The overall result revealed that, the water in the research area is suitable for domestic, industrial and irrigation activities.


2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monikandon Sukumaran ◽  
Kesavan Devarayan

Principal component analysis is a unique technique for reducing the dimensionality of the data. In this study, ten water quality parameters of the river Kaveri observed at five different stations of Tiruchirappalli for six years were collected and subjected to principal component analysis. A computational program was prepared in order to process and understand the data as a cluster. At first necessary data for compiling the program were listed and then fed to the program. Then the outputs were analyzed and possible linear and non-linear relationships between the water quality parameters and the timeline. It is understood that biological oxygen demand and fecal coli had a linear relationship. Further, the results suggested for group of factors that influence the water quality in a particular year.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadia A. H. Fathy ◽  
Fatma F. Abdel Hamid ◽  
Mohamed A. Shreadah ◽  
Laila A. Mohamed ◽  
Mohamed G. El-Gazar

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zalina Mohd Ali ◽  
Noor Akma Ibrahim ◽  
Kerrie Mengersen ◽  
Mahendran Shitan ◽  
Hafizan Juahir

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 755-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Yun Liu ◽  
Zhi Hong Li ◽  
Xiao Jian Liang ◽  
Yan Peng Lin ◽  
Rong Hao Wu ◽  
...  

Based on the water quality investigation data of December in 2010, the water environment quality of Lv-tang River in Zhanjiang national urban wetland park was assessed using single water quality parameter model and integrated water quality index model. The results show that the water quality of Lv-tang River is worse than the national quality standards for Grade V. The water is polluted seriously. The main pollutants are total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and chemical oxygen demand CODCr with their average concentrations of 60.49 mg/L, 30.57 mg/L and 227.38mg/L, respectively. The averages of their single parameter pollution index are 30.25 , 19.79 and 8.74. The average of single parameter pollution index of the river is 8.23 which indicated that the river belongs to heavy pollution zone. The integrated water quality index was 22.5 showing that the river belongs to serious pollution zone.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
Isabella Robert Rodrigues ◽  
Mauro César Geraldes ◽  
Andréa Alves Ferreira ◽  
Marcelo Dos Santos Salomão ◽  
Sérgio Vieira Anversa

In Brazil, about 49% of the population does not have access to the sewage collection network, with the consequent direct discharge of their sewage network into water bodies. Due to this scenario, it is essential to investigate the quality of the water consumed by thousands of people along the Negro and Resende Rivers. The present study analysis the waters of the Negro and Resende rivers, located in Dois Rios River Basin, in the municipality of Duas Barras, Rio de Janeiro State (RJ, SE Brazil), based on the Water Quality Index proposed by the National Sanitation Foundation (United States). The population of the district located in the municipality of Duas Barras dumps the domestic sewage directly into the hydrographic network. The analyzed parameters were: turbidity, total solid residue, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), hydrogenation potential, temperature, dissolved oxygen and thermotolerant coliforms. The values obtained from the calculation of the Water Quality Index (WQI) showed a variation from 40 to 68, meaning that the quality of water vary between bad and acceptable in the study area. The samples collected in the urban area contained values for thermotolerant coliforms in disagreement with the maximum value permissible for classes 2 and 3 of fresh water by CONAMA (Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente; a Brazilian Council for the Environment) Resolution 357/2005. The results of the analyzes confirmed the contamination of the two rivers by the discharge of domestic effluents, showing that actions are necessary to eliminate or minimize the discharge of sewage in the surveyed water bodies, since it may cause public health risks. ResumoNo Brasil, cerca de 49% da população não possui acesso à rede de coleta de esgoto, com o consequente despejo direto da sua rede de esgotos em corpos hídricos. Diante deste cenário, torna-se indispensável investigar a qualidade da água consumida por milhares de pessoas ao longo dos rios Negro e Resende. A presente pesquisa analisou qualitativamente as águas dos rios Negro e Resende, localizados na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Dois Rios, no município de Duas Barras/RJ, a partir do índice de qualidade das águas proposto pela National Sanitation Foundation. A população do distrito sede do município de Duas Barras despeja o esgoto doméstico diretamente na referida rede hidrográfica. Os parâmetros analisados foram: turbidez, resíduo sólido total, fósforo total, nitrogênio total, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, potencial hidrogêniônico, temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido e coliformes termotolerantes. Os valores obtidos no cálculo do índice de qualidade das águas (IQA) mostraram uma variação de 40 a 68, significando uma qualidade da água entre ruim e razoável. As amostras coletadas na área urbana apresentaram valores para coliformes termotolerantes em desacordo com o valor máximo permitido para classes 2 e 3 de água doce, regulamentados pela Resolução CONAMA 357/2005. O resultado das análises confirmou a contaminação dos dois rios pelo lançamento de efluentes domésticos, os quais poderão originar riscos de saúde pública. Os resultado evidenciam a necessidade de se desenvolverem ações para eliminar ou minimizar os despejos de esgotos nos referidos corpos hídricos.


2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Islam ◽  
T. Rasul ◽  
J. Bin Alam ◽  
M. A. Haque

The Titas River, a trans-boundary river of Bangladesh flows almost the entire Brahmanbaria district, consumes a huge amount of sewage, agricultural discharges and runoff, waste produced from human excreta, discharges of two oil mills and contaminants from other minor sources. A study is conducted to find the water quality status of the river during the period from July 2008 to June 2009 and by using National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) water quality index, the probable use of this water is predicted. This work consists of laboratory tests for the evaluation of some water quality parameters of the Titas and to identify its probable use in various purposes. The results of the laboratory tests and NSF water quality index suggest that the water can be used for recreation, pisciculture and irrigation purposes but requires treatment before using for drinking.Keywords: Water pollution; Faecal coliform; Dissolved oxygen (DO); Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.6170                 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 151-159 (2011)


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