A SEEC Model Based on the DPSIR Framework Approach for Watershed Ecological Security Risk Assessment: A Case Study in Northwest China

The DPSIR model is a conceptual model established by the European Environment Agency to solve environmental problems. It provides an overall framework for analysis of environmental problems from five aspects: driving force (D), pressure (P), state (S), impact (I), and response (R). Through use of the DPSIR model framework, this paper presents the SEEC model approach for evaluating watershed ecological security. The SEEC model considers four aspects: socioeconomic impact (S), ecological health (E), ecosystem services function (E), and control management (C). Through screening, 38 evaluation indicators of the SEEC model were determined. The evaluation results showed that the ecological security index of the study area was >80, indicating a generally safe level. The lowest score was mainly attributable to the low rate of treatment of rural domestic sewage. The water quality status was used to evaluate the applicability of the SEEC model, and the calculation results indicated that the higher the score of the ecological security evaluation results, the better the water quality status. The findings show that the SEEC model demonstrates satisfactory applicability to evaluation of watershed ecological security.

Bathing water quality analysis, management and policy: an integrated assessment for Ireland

Every bathing season in Ireland several bathing sites are closing and receiving warnings against bathing. In this report, their water quality status is assessed, and the broader picture of each case is investigated. A database is formed including location-maps, the restrictions they were/are subject to, the official justification, past and current annual water quality status, (sub)catchment where they are located, main water bodies flowing in, the closest WasteWater Treatment Plants with their characteristics and performance based on EU treatment standards, the closest meteorological stations and the rainfall data related with stormwater overflow events (correlation analyses) and the surrounding land cover. For each case, possible causes were discussed; the actions so far and the relevant literature are analyzed to provide key policy recommendations which are useful for the review of the European Bathing Water Directive.

Evaluation of surface water quality using water quality indices (WQIs) in Lake Sukhna, Chandigarh, India

To assess the surface water quality of Sukhna Lake, 13 physico-chemical parameters like temperature, pH, transparency, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, total dissolved salts, chloride, total Aalkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, nitrate and phosphate were investigated on monthly basis for a period of two year (July 2016–June 2018) by using standard procedures. The results were compared with the values or ranges mentioned by standard organizations (WHO and BIS) for assessing the water quality and these revealed that the lake water was turbid and under DO distress. Various water quality indices like water quality index (WQI), Canadian Council Ministry of Environment (CCME)-WQI and comprehensive pollution index (CPI) were used to assess the water quality status in the Sukhna Lake. The range of WQI (59.74–83.49) indicated that the water quality status of the lake belonged to good category while those of CCME-WQI (52.4–81.61) revealed that water quality fallen from marginal to good category and those of CPI (0.4–0.7) indicated fair state of water in the lake. Overall the water quality in Sukhna Lake has been found deteriorated during second year in comparison the first year during the study time.

Shifts in Estuarine Macroinvertebrate Communities Associated With Water Quality and Climate Change

The present work aims to identify changes in the macroinvertebrate community of the Tagus estuary (Portugal) due to improvements in water quality and to climate change. Data was collected over a period of 16 years (1998–2014) from different sites located along the estuarine gradient. The AZTI Marine Biotic Index (AMBI) was used to assess the ecological quality status based on benthic invertebrate communities and identify possible variations associated with changes in water quality. The overall distribution of each species was examined to detect possible changes associated with climate, based on species’ affinity for more temperate or subtropical climates. Results demonstrate that there was an overall improvement of AMBI scores during the assessment period. The analysis of the geographical distribution of benthic species seems to indicate that there has been an increase of species which prefer subtropical climates in the shallower waters of the estuary, whereas in the deeper estuarine sections the propensity is for species that prefer temperate climates.

Port Dickson Surface Water Quality Status: A Year with COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has become a planetary concern that affecting the sustenance of the human population all around the globe. The effective measured has been taken in Malaysia to control the virus transmission by limiting the human vitality which unsurprisingly propitious to the environment. A monitoring study was conducted to assess the water quality status of surface seawater along the Port Dickson coast based on the Malaysian Marine Water Quality Index (MMWQI) and Malaysian Marine Water Quality Standards (MMWQCS) with an interval period of a year (March 2020-March 2021). In situ, water quality parameters incorporate temperature, pH, salinity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), and total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured at 14 sampling sites to evaluate the biochemical characteristics of water. Surface water samples were collected from the same sites and transported back to Universiti Putra Malaysia for nitrate (NO3-), ammonia (NH3), phosphate (PO4), biochemical oxygen demands (BOD), fecal coliform (Escherichia coli), and total suspended solids (TSS) analyses. The MMWQI showed the status of surface water from the Port Dickson coast was classified as moderate quality (50.41 - 64.05) for both sampling events. However, there are some indexes that showed significant decreases (p< 0.05) in the latter year. The concentration of nutrient pollution such as phosphate, nitrates, ammonia, fecal coliform as well as oil and grease, was decreased by 11.12%, 77.39%, 82.4%, 90.26%, and 99.9% respectively. The water parameters namely TDS, pH, and BOD levels were significantly decreased by 1.77%, 20.73%, and 77.16%. Certain parameters listed in the MMWQS such as temperature, pH, ammonia, fecal coliform, oil and grease were classified as Class 1 in March 2021. These occurrences recorded were greatly influenced by the reduction of the substantial human activities around the recreational beach of Port Dickson followed by the declaration of Movement Control Order (MCO) in Malaysia.

Kajian Status Mutu Air dan Identifikasi Sumber Pencemaran Sungai Cidurian Segmen Hilir Menggunakan Metode Indeks Pencemaran (IP)

Sungai Cidurian adalah salah satu sungai yang mengalir di Kabupaten Tangerang dan Kabupaten Serang yang melintasi 17 (tujuh belas) kecamatan dan 2 (dua) kabupaten dengan panjang 67,5 Km. Kajian dilakukan untuk menganalisis status kualitas air Sungai Cidurian pada segmen hilir agar dapat mengetahui kondisi dan tingkat status mutu airnya sehingga dapat mengambil kebijakan pengelolaan dan pengendalian pencemaran dengan tepat. Penelitian dilakukan pada saat musim kemarau dan musim hujan. Nilai status mutu air dianalisis dengan Metode Indeks Pencemaran (IP) yang perhitungannya mengacu pada KepMen LH No. 115 Tahun 2003 tentang Pedoman Penentuan Status Mutu Air. Hasilnya menunjukan pada 4 (empat) lokasi titik sampling memperlihatkan rata-rata nilai Indeks Pencemaran (IP) pada hilir sungai dalam kondisi baik dan cemar ringan berdasarkan Baku Mutu Kelas II PP 22/2021, untuk nilai Indeks Pencemaran (IP) terendah sebesar 0,66 dan tertinggi sebesar 1,56. ABSTRACTThe Cidurian River is one of the rivers that flows in Tangerang Regency and Serang Regency which crosses 17 (seventeen) sub-districts and 2 (two) districts with a length of 67.5 Km. The study was carried out to analyze the water quality status of the Cidurian River in the downstream segment in order to know the condition and level of the water quality status so that it could take appropriate pollution management and control policies. The research was conducted during the dry season and the rainy season. The value of water quality status was analyzed by using the Pollution Index Method (IP), the calculation refers to the Minister of Environment Decree No. 115 of 2003 concerning Guidelines for Determining Water Quality Status. The results show that at 4 (four) sampling point locations, the average Pollution Index (IP) value in the downstream river is in good condition and lightly polluted based on the Class II PP 22/2021 Quality Standard, for the lowest Pollution Index (IP) value of 0, 66 and the highest of 1.56.