A SEEC Model Based on the DPSIR Framework Approach for Watershed Ecological Security Risk Assessment: A Case Study in Northwest China

The DPSIR model is a conceptual model established by the European Environment Agency to solve environmental problems. It provides an overall framework for analysis of environmental problems from five aspects: driving force (D), pressure (P), state (S), impact (I), and response (R). Through use of the DPSIR model framework, this paper presents the SEEC model approach for evaluating watershed ecological security. The SEEC model considers four aspects: socioeconomic impact (S), ecological health (E), ecosystem services function (E), and control management (C). Through screening, 38 evaluation indicators of the SEEC model were determined. The evaluation results showed that the ecological security index of the study area was >80, indicating a generally safe level. The lowest score was mainly attributable to the low rate of treatment of rural domestic sewage. The water quality status was used to evaluate the applicability of the SEEC model, and the calculation results indicated that the higher the score of the ecological security evaluation results, the better the water quality status. The findings show that the SEEC model demonstrates satisfactory applicability to evaluation of watershed ecological security.

Kajian Kualitas Air Berdasarkan Keanekaragaman Meiofauna dan Parameter Fisika-Kimia di Pesisir Losari, Makassar

Pesisir merupakan kawasan yang rentan mengalami penurunan kualitas perairan akibat masuknya bahan-bahan pencemar hasil aktivitas antropogenik dari daratan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengkaji kualitas perairan berdasarkan keanekaragaman meiofauna dan parameter fisika-kimia di pesisir Losari, Makassar. Selain itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh parameter fisika-kimia terhadap keanekaragaman meiofauna di dasar perairan. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif dengan teknik pengambilan data secara purposive sampling. Status kualitas perairan di pesisir Losari dikategorikan sebagai perairan yang tercemar berat, hal ini didasarkan pada tingkat keanekaragaman spesies meiofauna yang sangat rendah dan sebagian besar parameter fisika-kimia perairan yang tidak memenuhi baku mutu yang telah ditentukan oleh pemerintah RI melalui Kep. MLH. No. 51 Tahun 2004. Kecerahan, DO, Suhu, kedalaman, salinitas, dan nitrat sedimen merupakan parameter fisika-kimia yang berkorelasi positif atau berpengaruh terhadap tingkat keanekaragaman meiofauna. Adapun parameter lingkungan perairan yang berkorelasi negatif terhadap tingkat keanekaragaman meiofauna di pesisir Losari, diartikan sebagai hubungan yang tidak menguntungkan. Kondisi ini terjadi akibat meiofauna merasa terganggu atas sebaran fosfat sedimen, nitrat air laut, fosfat air laut, dan pH yang tidak memenuhi baku mutu air laut.ABSTRACTThe Coastal zone are susceptible to decreasing water quality due entry of pollutants from anthropogenic activities in the mainland. This study assessed water quality based on meiofauna diversity and physical-chemical parameters in the Losari coast, Makassar. Furthermore, this study was to analyze the physical-chemical parameters effect on the diversity of meiofauna at the seabed. It employed a quantitative approach with purposive sampling technique. Water quality status on the Losari coast categorized as heavily polluted waters, this based on low level of meiofauna species diversity and most of the physical-chemical parameters does not meet the quality standards determined by Indonesian government through Kep. MLH. No. 51 of 2004. Brightness, DO, temperature, depth, salinity, and sediment nitrate are physical-chemical parameters positively correlated or influenced of meiofauna diversity level. The aquatic environmental parameters negatively correlated with meiofauna diversity level in the Losari coast are interpreted as an unfavorable relationship. This condition occurs because the meiofauna feel disturbed by distribution of sedimentary phosphate, seawater nitrate, seawater phosphate, and pH that does not meet seawater quality regulations.

STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC SUITABILITY OF GOURAMI (Osphronemus gouramy) CULTIVATION AT PINANG SEBATANG VILLAGE, SIMPANG KATIS DISRICT, BANGKA TENGAH REGENCY

Cultivation is an activity that is carried out in connection with the process of multiplaying resources, one of which is in the field of fisheries. This activity, especially freshwater cultivation, has developed in the community, especially in Bangka Belitung Province, but the ponds used suitability the requirements of both physical, chemical and biological parameters of the waters as well as business feasibility. This study to knew suitability of water quality and analyze the cultivation of gourami in Pinang Sebatang Village. This research was carried out in December 2020 in Bangka Tengah district. This study used a survey method in the form of a case study methode in determining water quality. And then carried out a feasibility test of water quality using the STRORET method and the census method to analyzing cultivation business. Water quality and business analysis were carried out in the gourami cultivators’ pond at Pinang Sebatang Village sustainable. The result showed that the water quality in the gourami aquaculture pond at Pinang Sebatang Village was categorized as moderately polluted water quality status in pond 1 with a score of -12 and the status with lightly polluted in pond 2 with a score of -2. The method of data processing analysis of gourami cultivation at Pinang Sebatang Village uses quantitative methods. The result of the study showed that the income per cycle was Rp 120.000.000,00, income per cycle of Rp. 49.368.000,00, profit per cycle of Rp 38.568.000,00 and business efficiency of 1,69. Form the result of the STORET analysis and the business analysis that has been obtained, the cultivation pond at the Pinang Sebatang Village is feasible to be developed for the cultivation of gourami rearing.

Bathing water quality analysis, management and policy: an integrated assessment for Ireland

Every bathing season in Ireland several bathing sites are closing and receiving warnings against bathing. In this report, their water quality status is assessed, and the broader picture of each case is investigated. A database is formed including location-maps, the restrictions they were/are subject to, the official justification, past and current annual water quality status, (sub)catchment where they are located, main water bodies flowing in, the closest WasteWater Treatment Plants with their characteristics and performance based on EU treatment standards, the closest meteorological stations and the rainfall data related with stormwater overflow events (correlation analyses) and the surrounding land cover. For each case, possible causes were discussed; the actions so far and the relevant literature are analyzed to provide key policy recommendations which are useful for the review of the European Bathing Water Directive.

Transformation of the groundwater composition in coastal zone of the Ivankovo reservoir during 20 years

The Ivankovo reservoir is an important source of drinking water for the city of Moscow. The water quality status of aquifers around the reservoir is important for its safety, as groundwater inflow into the reservoir is considerable. The chemical composition of the shallow groundwater around the Ivankovo reservoir is studied. The study is based on long-term monitoring (1999–2019) of both surface and groundwater quality. The aim of the paper is to identify changes in groundwater quality over this period and to determine their causes. The results show that over this 20 year-period, the groundwater quality in the study area shifted from HCO3–Ca to HCO3–Ca-Mg type, proven by statistical methods. The median values of the total dissolved solids (TDS) decreased by 13% in summer and by 17% in winter. It is shown that the ongoing processes of transformation of the groundwater chemical composition are mainly due to climate change, and atmospheric precipitation in the spring-winter period is a possible source of the Mg2+ ion entering the groundwater table. Among other components, concentrations of chlorides and sulfates underwent the largest change, the median values of which have decreased by two or more times, which is caused by both the dilution of the groundwater by melt water and a decrease in the anthropogenic load.

STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC SUITABILITY OF GOURAMI (Osphronemus gouramy) CULTIVATION AT PINANG SEBATANG VILLAGE, SIMPANG KATIS DISRICT, BANGKA TENGAH REGENCY

Cultivation is an activity that is carried out in connection with the process of multiplaying resources, one of which is in the field of fisheries. This activity, especially freshwater cultivation, has developed in the community, especially in Bangka Belitung Province, but the ponds used suitability the requirements of both physical, chemical and biological parameters of the waters as well as business feasibility. This study to knew suitability of water quality and analyze the cultivation of gourami in Pinang Sebatang Village. This research was carried out in December 2020 in Bangka Tengah district. This study used a survey method in the form of a case study methode in determining water quality. And then carried out a feasibility test of water quality using the STRORET method and the census method to analyzing cultivation business. Water quality and business analysis were carried out in the gourami cultivators’ pond at Pinang Sebatang Village sustainable. The result showed that the water quality in the gourami aquaculture pond at Pinang Sebatang Village was categorized as moderately polluted water quality status in pond 1 with a score of -12 and the status with lightly polluted in pond 2 with a score of -2. The method of data processing analysis of gourami cultivation at Pinang Sebatang Village uses quantitative methods. The result of the study showed that the income per cycle was Rp 120.000.000,00, income per cycle of Rp. 49.368.000,00, profit per cycle of Rp 38.568.000,00 and business efficiency of 1,69. Form the result of the STORET analysis and the business analysis that has been obtained, the cultivation pond at the Pinang Sebatang Village is feasible to be developed for the cultivation of gourami rearing.

Evaluation of surface water quality using water quality indices (WQIs) in Lake Sukhna, Chandigarh, India

To assess the surface water quality of Sukhna Lake, 13 physico-chemical parameters like temperature, pH, transparency, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, total dissolved salts, chloride, total Aalkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, nitrate and phosphate were investigated on monthly basis for a period of two year (July 2016–June 2018) by using standard procedures. The results were compared with the values or ranges mentioned by standard organizations (WHO and BIS) for assessing the water quality and these revealed that the lake water was turbid and under DO distress. Various water quality indices like water quality index (WQI), Canadian Council Ministry of Environment (CCME)-WQI and comprehensive pollution index (CPI) were used to assess the water quality status in the Sukhna Lake. The range of WQI (59.74–83.49) indicated that the water quality status of the lake belonged to good category while those of CCME-WQI (52.4–81.61) revealed that water quality fallen from marginal to good category and those of CPI (0.4–0.7) indicated fair state of water in the lake. Overall the water quality in Sukhna Lake has been found deteriorated during second year in comparison the first year during the study time.

Port Dickson Surface Water Quality Status: A Year with COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has become a planetary concern that affecting the sustenance of the human population all around the globe. The effective measured has been taken in Malaysia to control the virus transmission by limiting the human vitality which unsurprisingly propitious to the environment. A monitoring study was conducted to assess the water quality status of surface seawater along the Port Dickson coast based on the Malaysian Marine Water Quality Index (MMWQI) and Malaysian Marine Water Quality Standards (MMWQCS) with an interval period of a year (March 2020-March 2021). In situ, water quality parameters incorporate temperature, pH, salinity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), and total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured at 14 sampling sites to evaluate the biochemical characteristics of water. Surface water samples were collected from the same sites and transported back to Universiti Putra Malaysia for nitrate (NO3-), ammonia (NH3), phosphate (PO4), biochemical oxygen demands (BOD), fecal coliform (Escherichia coli), and total suspended solids (TSS) analyses. The MMWQI showed the status of surface water from the Port Dickson coast was classified as moderate quality (50.41 - 64.05) for both sampling events. However, there are some indexes that showed significant decreases (p< 0.05) in the latter year. The concentration of nutrient pollution such as phosphate, nitrates, ammonia, fecal coliform as well as oil and grease, was decreased by 11.12%, 77.39%, 82.4%, 90.26%, and 99.9% respectively. The water parameters namely TDS, pH, and BOD levels were significantly decreased by 1.77%, 20.73%, and 77.16%. Certain parameters listed in the MMWQS such as temperature, pH, ammonia, fecal coliform, oil and grease were classified as Class 1 in March 2021. These occurrences recorded were greatly influenced by the reduction of the substantial human activities around the recreational beach of Port Dickson followed by the declaration of Movement Control Order (MCO) in Malaysia.

Kajian Status Mutu Air dan Identifikasi Sumber Pencemaran Sungai Cidurian Segmen Hilir Menggunakan Metode Indeks Pencemaran (IP)

Sungai Cidurian adalah salah satu sungai yang mengalir di Kabupaten Tangerang dan Kabupaten Serang yang melintasi 17 (tujuh belas) kecamatan dan 2 (dua) kabupaten dengan panjang 67,5 Km. Kajian dilakukan untuk menganalisis status kualitas air Sungai Cidurian pada segmen hilir agar dapat mengetahui kondisi dan tingkat status mutu airnya sehingga dapat mengambil kebijakan pengelolaan dan pengendalian pencemaran dengan tepat. Penelitian dilakukan pada saat musim kemarau dan musim hujan. Nilai status mutu air dianalisis dengan Metode Indeks Pencemaran (IP) yang perhitungannya mengacu pada KepMen LH No. 115 Tahun 2003 tentang Pedoman Penentuan Status Mutu Air. Hasilnya menunjukan pada 4 (empat) lokasi titik sampling memperlihatkan rata-rata nilai Indeks Pencemaran (IP) pada hilir sungai dalam kondisi baik dan cemar ringan berdasarkan Baku Mutu Kelas II PP 22/2021, untuk nilai Indeks Pencemaran (IP) terendah sebesar 0,66 dan tertinggi sebesar 1,56. ABSTRACTThe Cidurian River is one of the rivers that flows in Tangerang Regency and Serang Regency which crosses 17 (seventeen) sub-districts and 2 (two) districts with a length of 67.5 Km. The study was carried out to analyze the water quality status of the Cidurian River in the downstream segment in order to know the condition and level of the water quality status so that it could take appropriate pollution management and control policies. The research was conducted during the dry season and the rainy season. The value of water quality status was analyzed by using the Pollution Index Method (IP), the calculation refers to the Minister of Environment Decree No. 115 of 2003 concerning Guidelines for Determining Water Quality Status. The results show that at 4 (four) sampling point locations, the average Pollution Index (IP) value in the downstream river is in good condition and lightly polluted based on the Class II PP 22/2021 Quality Standard, for the lowest Pollution Index (IP) value of 0, 66 and the highest of 1.56.

Analisis Kualitas Air Berdasarkan Parameter Fisika di Wilayah Kota Bengkulu

Water is a source of basic human needs. Clean water quality will affect environmental health and all activities in it. This study aimed to measure the quality of the water around beaches, rivers and swamps near settlements in Bengkulu City. The research location consisted of nine points with a radius of 0-2 km from the beach. Sampling was carried out using the stratified disproportional random sampling method with measured parameters including temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS) and water turbidity. The method used in the data analysis is the STORET scoring system. The samples were tested using TDS and turbidity meter based on the Arduino Uno ATMega 328. Results of temperature measurement showed relatively stable values in the range of 29-30°C; TDS values were 53-565 mg/L and water turbidity levels ranged from 90.8 to 1938.1 NTU. Based on the results of the analysis using the STORET scoring system, the water quality status in the study area was included in the medium polluted category (score -15) of 3 test parameters (temperature, TDS and water turbidity). Keywords: Water quality, physical parameter, STORET method, Bengkulu City Air merupakan sumber kebutuhan dasar manusia. Kualitas air yang bersih akan mempengaruhi kesehatan lingkungan dan seluruh aktivitas didalamnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur kualitas air yang ada di sekitar pantai, sungai dan rawa dekat pemukiman di Kota Bengkulu. Lokasi penelitian terdiri dari 9 titik dengan radius 0-2 km dari pinggir pantai. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode stratified disproportional random sampling dengan parameter yang diukur diantaranya suhu, total dissolved solids (TDS) dan kekeruhan air. Metode yang digunakan dalam analisis data yaitu sistem penilaian STORET. Pengujian sampel dilakukan dengan TDS meter dan turbidity meter berbasis Arduino Uno ATMega 328. Hasil pengukuran suhu menunjukkan nilai yang relatif stabil dengan kisaran 29-30°C; nilai TDS antara 53-565 mg/L dan tingkat kekeruhan air pada rentang 90,8-1938,1 NTU. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menggunakan sistem penilaian STORET, status mutu air di wilayah penelitian termasuk pada kategori cemar sedang (skor -15) berdasarkan 3 parameter uji (suhu, TDS dan kekeruhan air). Kata kunci: Kualitas air, parameter fisika, metode STORET, Kota Bengkulu