scholarly journals Contributing to Elimination of Cross-Border Malaria Through a Standardized Solution for Case Surveillance, Data Sharing, and Data Interpretation: Development of a Cross-Border Monitoring System (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Saldanha ◽  
Émilie Mosnier ◽  
Christovam Barcellos ◽  
Aurel Carbunar ◽  
Christophe Charron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Malaria Surveillance ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Border Malaria

BACKGROUND Cross-border malaria is a significant obstacle to achieving malaria control and elimination worldwide. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to build a cross-border surveillance system that can make comparable and qualified data available to all parties involved in malaria control between French Guiana and Brazil. METHODS Data reconciliation rules based on expert knowledge were defined and applied to the heterogeneous data provided by the existing malaria surveillance systems of both countries. Visualization dashboards were designed to facilitate progressive data exploration, analysis, and interpretation. Dedicated advanced open source and robust software solutions were chosen to facilitate solution sharing and reuse. RESULTS A database gathering the harmonized data on cross-border malaria epidemiology is updated monthly with new individual malaria cases from both countries. Online dashboards permit a progressive and user-friendly visualization of raw data and epidemiological indicators, in the form of time series, maps, and data quality indexes. The monitoring system was shown to be able to identify changes in time series that are related to control actions, as well as differentiated changes according to space and to population subgroups. CONCLUSIONS This cross-border monitoring tool could help produce new scientific evidence on cross-border malaria dynamics, implementing cross-border cooperation for malaria control and elimination, and can be quickly adapted to other cross-border contexts.

scholarly journals Contributing to Elimination of Cross-Border Malaria Through a Standardized Solution for Case Surveillance, Data Sharing, and Data Interpretation: Development of a Cross-Border Monitoring System

10.2196/15409 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e15409
Author(s):  
Raphael Saldanha ◽  
Émilie Mosnier ◽  
Christovam Barcellos ◽  
Aurel Carbunar ◽  
Christophe Charron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Malaria Surveillance ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Border Malaria

Background Cross-border malaria is a significant obstacle to achieving malaria control and elimination worldwide. Objective This study aimed to build a cross-border surveillance system that can make comparable and qualified data available to all parties involved in malaria control between French Guiana and Brazil. Methods Data reconciliation rules based on expert knowledge were defined and applied to the heterogeneous data provided by the existing malaria surveillance systems of both countries. Visualization dashboards were designed to facilitate progressive data exploration, analysis, and interpretation. Dedicated advanced open source and robust software solutions were chosen to facilitate solution sharing and reuse. Results A database gathering the harmonized data on cross-border malaria epidemiology is updated monthly with new individual malaria cases from both countries. Online dashboards permit a progressive and user-friendly visualization of raw data and epidemiological indicators, in the form of time series, maps, and data quality indexes. The monitoring system was shown to be able to identify changes in time series that are related to control actions, as well as differentiated changes according to space and to population subgroups. Conclusions This cross-border monitoring tool could help produce new scientific evidence on cross-border malaria dynamics, implementing cross-border cooperation for malaria control and elimination, and can be quickly adapted to other cross-border contexts.

scholarly journals Resurgence risk for malaria, characterization of a recent outbreak in a Amazonian border area -French Guiana/Brazil-

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie MOSNIER ◽  
Isabelle Dusfour ◽  
Guillaume Lacour ◽  
Raphael Saldanha ◽  
Amandine Guidez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Control ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Anopheles Darlingi ◽  
Local Study ◽  
Border Area ◽  
Cross Border

Abstract Background In 2017, inhabitants along the border between French Guiana and Brazil were affected by a malaria outbreak primarily due to Plasmodium vivax ( Pv ). While malaria cases have steadily declined between 2005-2016 in this Amazonian region, a resurgence was observed in 2017. Methods Two investigations were performed according to two different spatial scales and type of information details. Firstly, a local study on the French Guiana border, which enabled a thorough investigation of the malaria cases treated at the local village health center and of the entomological situation in the most affected neighborhood and secondly a regional and cross-border study, which enabled exploration of the regional spatial-temporal epidemic dynamic. Number and location of malaria cases were estimated using French and Brazilian surveillance systems. Results On the French Guiana side of the border in Saint Georges de l’Oyapock, the attack rate was 5.5% (n=219/4000), reaching 51.4% (n=90/175) in one Amerindian neighborhood. Entomological findings suggest a peak of Anopheles darlingi density in August and September. Two female An. darlingi (n=2/1104, 0.18%) were found Pv -positive during this peak. During the same period, aggregated data from passive surveillance conducted by Brazilian and French Guianese border health centers identified 1,566 cases of Pv infection. Temporal distribution during the 2007-2018 period displayed seasonal patterns with a peak in November 2017. Four clusters were identified among the epidemic profiles of the localities of the cross-border area. All localities of the first two clusters were Brazilian. The localization of the first cluster suggests an onset of the outbreak in the Amerindian reservation, subsequently expanding to French Amerindian neighborhoods and to non-Native communities. Conclusions The current findings demonstrate a potential increase in malaria cases in an area with otherwise declining numbers. This is a transborder area where human mobility and remote populations challenge malaria control programs. This investigation illustrates the importance of international border surveillance and collaboration for malaria control, particularly in Amerindian villages and mobile populations.

scholarly journals A Participatory Approach to Address Within-Country Cross-Border Malaria: The Case of Menoreh Hills in Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riris Andono Andono Ahmad ◽  
Astri Ferdiana ◽  
Henry Surendra ◽  
Tyrone Reden Sy ◽  
Deni Herbianto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Control ◽  
National Level ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Network Governance ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Border Malaria ◽  
Costing Study

Abstract Background The Menoreh Hills region is one of the few remaining foci of persistent endemic malaria bordering three districts of two provinces in Java, Indonesia. Despite commitment to build a partnership to eliminate cross-border malaria, there is a lack of understanding of how this partnership might be translated into an implementable strategic plan. The study aims to provide evidence as to how a participatory approach was used to strengthen cross-border partnership and stakeholders’ capacity to develop a joint strategic, operational, and costing plan for cross-border malaria elimination.MethodsWe performed a participatory action research involving participants from village, district, provincial, and national level This study was conducted in seven phases as follows: (1) scientific literature and administrative data review, (2) focus group discussions with stakeholders at district to identify priority problems in malaria control, (3) joint consultation at district level to prioritize problems and formulate intervention, (4) costing study (5) joint consultation with national and provincial stakeholders (6) finalization of joint strategic, operational plan with costing study, and (7) dissemination to stakeholders.ResultsProblems identified by stakeholders were low community awareness and participation in malaria prevention, high mobility across three districts, lack of financial, human resources, lack of inter-district coordination, and poor implementation of migration surveillance. Cross-border strategies identified to address malaria were improving cross-border migration surveillance, strengthening the network, governance, and advocacy of malaria control implementation across borders, and development of malaria information system. A working group, composed of the three districts representatives authorized to make decisions for cross-border issues will be created.ConclusionParticipatory approach was applicable in cross-border malaria planning for within-country settings and useful in enhancing stakeholders’ capacities as implementer. While done in a participatory way, the joint plan crafted was a non-binding agreement; stakeholders should advocate to ensure adequate funds are poured to mobilize the plan.

scholarly journals Resurgence risk for malaria, and the characterization of a recent outbreak in an Amazonian border area between French Guiana and Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie MOSNIER ◽  
Isabelle Dusfour ◽  
Guillaume Lacour ◽  
Raphael Saldanha ◽  
Amandine Guidez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Control ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Anopheles Darlingi ◽  
Local Study ◽  
Border Area ◽  
Cross Border

Abstract Background In 2017, inhabitants along the border between French Guiana and Brazil were affected by a malaria outbreak primarily due to Plasmodium vivax ( Pv ). While malaria cases have steadily declined between 2005-2016 in this Amazonian region, a resurgence was observed in 2017. Methods Two investigations were performed according to two different spatial scales and type of information details. Firstly, a local study on the French Guiana border, which enabled a thorough investigation of the malaria cases treated at the local village health center and of the entomological situation in the most affected neighborhood and secondly a regional and cross-border study, which enabled exploration of the regional spatial-temporal epidemic dynamic. Number and location of malaria cases were estimated using French and Brazilian surveillance systems. Results On the French Guiana side of the border in Saint-Georges de l’Oyapock, the attack rate was 5.5% (n=219/4000), reaching 51.4% (n=90/175) in one Amerindian neighborhood. Entomological findings suggest a peak of Anopheles darlingi density in August and September. Two female An. darlingi (n=2/1104, 0.18%) were found Pv -positive during this peak. During the same period, aggregated data from passive surveillance conducted by Brazilian and French Guianese border health centers identified 1,566 cases of Pv infection. Temporal distribution during the 2007-2018 period displayed seasonal patterns with a peak in November 2017. Four clusters were identified among the epidemic profiles of the localities of the cross-border area. All localities of the first two clusters were Brazilian. The localization of the first cluster suggests an onset of the outbreak in the Amerindian reservation, subsequently expanding to French Amerindian neighborhoods and to non-Native communities. Conclusions The current findings demonstrate a potential increase in malaria cases in an area with otherwise declining numbers. This is a transborder area where human mobility and remote populations challenge malaria control programs. This investigation illustrates the importance of international border surveillance and collaboration for malaria control, particularly in Amerindian villages and mobile populations.

Malaria elimination in India requires additional surveillance mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manju Rahi ◽  
Payal Das ◽  
Amit Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Malaria Surveillance ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Malaria Burden ◽  
The Core ◽  
Reporting Systems ◽  
Geographic Regions

Abstract Malaria surveillance is weak in high malaria burden countries. Surveillance is considered as one of the core interventions for malaria elimination. Impressive reductions in malaria-associated morbidity and mortality have been achieved across the globe, but sustained efforts need to be bolstered up to achieve malaria elimination in endemic countries like India. Poor surveillance data become a hindrance in assessing the progress achieved towards malaria elimination and in channelizing focused interventions to the hotspots. A major obstacle in strengthening India’s reporting systems is that the surveillance data are captured in a fragmented manner by multiple players, in silos, and is distributed across geographic regions. In addition, the data are not reported in near real-time. Furthermore, multiplicity of malaria data resources limits interoperability between them. Here, we deliberate on the acute need of updating India’s surveillance systems from the use of aggregated data to near real-time case-based surveillance. This will help in identifying the drivers of malaria transmission in any locale and therefore will facilitate formulation of appropriate interventional responses rapidly.

scholarly journals IoT Equipment Monitoring System Based on C5.0 Decision Tree and Time-series Analysis

IEEE Access ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Biaokai Zhu ◽  
Xinyi Hou ◽  
Sanman Liu ◽  
Wanli Ma ◽  
Meiya Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Equipment Monitoring ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
C5.0 Decision Tree

scholarly journals Response (minimum clinically relevant change) in ASD symptoms after an intervention according to CARS-2: consensus from an expert elicitation procedure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Jurek ◽  
Matias Balthazar ◽  
Sheffali Gulati ◽  
Neda Novakovic ◽  
María Núñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Expert Elicitation ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Initial Finding ◽  
Elicitation Process ◽  
Core Symptoms

AbstractThe lack of consensual measures to monitor core change in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or response to interventions leads to difficulty to prove intervention efficacy on ASD core symptoms. There are no universally accepted outcome measures developed for measuring changes in core symptoms. However, the CARS (Childhood Autism Rating Scale) is one of the outcomes recommended in the EMA Guideline on the clinical development of medicinal products for the treatment of ASD. Unfortunately, there is currently no consensus on the response definition for CARS among individuals with ASD. The aim of this elicitation process was to determine an appropriate definition of a response on the CARS2 scale for interventions in patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). An elicitation process was conducted following the Sheffield Elicitation Framework (SHELF). Five experts in the field of ASD and two experts in expert knowledge elicitation participated in an 1-day elicitation workshop. Experts in ASD were previously trained in the SHELF elicitation process and received a dossier of scientific evidence concerning the topic. The response definition was set as the mean clinically relevant improvement averaged over all patients, levels of functioning, age groups ***and clinicians. Based on the scientific evidence and expert judgment, a normal probability distribution was agreed to represent the state of knowledge of this response with expected value 4.03 and standard deviation 0.664. Considering the remaining uncertainty of the estimation and the available literature, a CARS-2 improvement of 4.5 points has been defined as a threshold to conclude to a response after an intervention. A CARS-2 improvement of 4.5 points could be used to evaluate interventions' meaningfulness in indivudals. This initial finding represents an important new benchmark and may aid decision makers in evaluating the efficacy of interventions in ASD.

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