scholarly journals Indigenous Adolescents� Perception of an eMental Health Program (SPARX): Exploratory Qualitative Assessment (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Shepherd ◽  
Sally Merry ◽  
Ian Lambie ◽  
Andrew Thompson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Young People ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Computerized Intervention ◽  
Indigenous Adolescents

BACKGROUND Depression is a major health issue for indigenous adolescents, yet there is little research conducted about the efficacy and development of psychological interventions for these populations. In New Zealand there is little known about taitamariki (Māori adolescent) opinions regarding the development and effectiveness of psychological interventions, let alone computerized cognitive behavioral therapy. SPARX (Smart, Positive, Active, Realistic, X-factor thoughts) is a computerized intervention developed in New Zealand to treat mild-to-moderate depression in young people. Users are engaged in a virtual 3D environment where they must complete missions to progress to the next level. In each level there are challenges and puzzles to completeIt was designed to appeal to all young people in New Zealand and incorporates several images and concepts that are specifically Māori. OBJECTIVE The aim was to conduct an exploratory qualitative study of Māori adolescents’ opinions about the SPARX program. This is a follow-up to an earlier study where taitamariki opinions were gathered to inform the design of a computerized cognitive behavior therapy program. METHODS Taitamariki were interviewed using a semistructured interview once they had completed work with the SPARX resource. Six participants agreed to complete the interview; the interviews ranged from 10 to 30 minutes. RESULTS Taitamariki participating in the interviews found SPARX to be helpful. The Māori designs from the SPARX game were appropriate and useful, and the ability to customize the SPARX characters with Māori designs was beneficial and appeared to enhance cultural identity. These helped young people to feel engaged with SPARX which, in turn, assisted with the acquisition of relaxation and cognitive restructuring skills. Overall, using SPARX led to improved mood and increased levels of hope for the participants. In some instances, SPARX was used by wider whānau (Māori word for family) members with reported beneficial effect. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this small group of Māori adolescents reported that cultural designs made it easier for them to engage with SPARX, which, in turn, led to an improvement in their mood and gave them hope. Further research is needed about how SPARX could be best used to support the families of these young people.

scholarly journals The Design and Relevance of a Computerized Gamified Depression Therapy Program for Indigenous Māori Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Shepherd ◽  
Theresa Fleming ◽  
Mathijs Lucassen ◽  
Karolina Stasiak ◽  
Ian Lambie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Young People ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Computer Game ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Cultural Relevance ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Indigenous Adolescents

BACKGROUND: Depression is a major health issue among Māori indigenous adolescents, yet there has been little investigation into the relevance or effectiveness of psychological treatments for them. Further, consumer views are critical for engagement and adherence to therapy. However, there is little research regarding indigenous communities' opinions about psychological interventions for depression. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to conduct semistructured interviews with Māori (indigenous New Zealand) young people (taitamariki) and their families to find out their opinions of a prototype computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (cCBT) program called Smart, Positive, Active, Realistic, X-factor thoughts (SPARX), a free online computer game intended to help young persons with mild to moderate depression, feeling down, stress or anxiety. The program will teach them how to resolve their issues on their own using Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as psychotherapeutic approach. METHODS: There were seven focus groups on the subject of the design and cultural relevance of SPARX that were held, with a total of 26 participants (19 taitamarki, 7 parents/caregivers, all Māori). There were five of the groups that were with whānau (family groups) (n=14), one group was with Māori teenage mothers (n=4), and one group was with taitamariki (n=8). The general inductive approach was used to analyze focus group data. RESULTS: SPARX computerized therapy has good face validity and is seen as potentially effective and appealing for Māori people. Cultural relevance was viewed as being important for the engagement of Māori young people with SPARX. Whānau are important for young peoples' well-being. Participants generated ideas for improving SPARX for Māori and for the inclusion of whānau in its delivery. CONCLUSIONS: SPARX computerized therapy had good face validity for indigenous young people and families. In general, Māori participants were positive about the SPARX prototype and considered it both appealing and applicable to them. The results of this study were used to refine SPARX prior to it being delivered to taitamariki and non-Māori young people. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The New Zealand Northern Y Regional Ethics Committee; http://ethics.health.govt.nz/home; NTY/09/003; (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation/6VYgHXKaR).

scholarly journals The Design and Relevance of a Computerized Gamified Depression Therapy Program for Indigenous Māori Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Shepherd ◽  
Theresa Fleming ◽  
Mathijs Lucassen ◽  
Karolina Stasiak ◽  
Ian Lambie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Young People ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Computer Game ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Cultural Relevance ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Indigenous Adolescents

BACKGROUND: Depression is a major health issue among Māori indigenous adolescents, yet there has been little investigation into the relevance or effectiveness of psychological treatments for them. Further, consumer views are critical for engagement and adherence to therapy. However, there is little research regarding indigenous communities' opinions about psychological interventions for depression. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to conduct semistructured interviews with Māori (indigenous New Zealand) young people (taitamariki) and their families to find out their opinions of a prototype computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (cCBT) program called Smart, Positive, Active, Realistic, X-factor thoughts (SPARX), a free online computer game intended to help young persons with mild to moderate depression, feeling down, stress or anxiety. The program will teach them how to resolve their issues on their own using Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as psychotherapeutic approach. METHODS: There were seven focus groups on the subject of the design and cultural relevance of SPARX that were held, with a total of 26 participants (19 taitamarki, 7 parents/caregivers, all Māori). There were five of the groups that were with whānau (family groups) (n=14), one group was with Māori teenage mothers (n=4), and one group was with taitamariki (n=8). The general inductive approach was used to analyze focus group data. RESULTS: SPARX computerized therapy has good face validity and is seen as potentially effective and appealing for Māori people. Cultural relevance was viewed as being important for the engagement of Māori young people with SPARX. Whānau are important for young peoples' well-being. Participants generated ideas for improving SPARX for Māori and for the inclusion of whānau in its delivery. CONCLUSIONS: SPARX computerized therapy had good face validity for indigenous young people and families. In general, Māori participants were positive about the SPARX prototype and considered it both appealing and applicable to them. The results of this study were used to refine SPARX prior to it being delivered to taitamariki and non-Māori young people. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The New Zealand Northern Y Regional Ethics Committee; http://ethics.health.govt.nz/home; NTY/09/003; (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation/6VYgHXKaR).

scholarly journals The Design and Relevance of a Computerized Gamified Depression Therapy Program for Indigenous Māori Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Shepherd ◽  
Theresa Fleming ◽  
Mathijs Lucassen ◽  
Karolina Stasiak ◽  
Ian Lambie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Young People ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Computer Game ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Cultural Relevance ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Indigenous Adolescents

BACKGROUND: Depression is a major health issue among Māori indigenous adolescents, yet there has been little investigation into the relevance or effectiveness of psychological treatments for them. Further, consumer views are critical for engagement and adherence to therapy. However, there is little research regarding indigenous communities' opinions about psychological interventions for depression. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to conduct semistructured interviews with Māori (indigenous New Zealand) young people (taitamariki) and their families to find out their opinions of a prototype computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (cCBT) program called Smart, Positive, Active, Realistic, X-factor thoughts (SPARX), a free online computer game intended to help young persons with mild to moderate depression, feeling down, stress or anxiety. The program will teach them how to resolve their issues on their own using Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as psychotherapeutic approach. METHODS: There were seven focus groups on the subject of the design and cultural relevance of SPARX that were held, with a total of 26 participants (19 taitamarki, 7 parents/caregivers, all Māori). There were five of the groups that were with whānau (family groups) (n=14), one group was with Māori teenage mothers (n=4), and one group was with taitamariki (n=8). The general inductive approach was used to analyze focus group data. RESULTS: SPARX computerized therapy has good face validity and is seen as potentially effective and appealing for Māori people. Cultural relevance was viewed as being important for the engagement of Māori young people with SPARX. Whānau are important for young peoples' well-being. Participants generated ideas for improving SPARX for Māori and for the inclusion of whānau in its delivery. CONCLUSIONS: SPARX computerized therapy had good face validity for indigenous young people and families. In general, Māori participants were positive about the SPARX prototype and considered it both appealing and applicable to them. The results of this study were used to refine SPARX prior to it being delivered to taitamariki and non-Māori young people. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The New Zealand Northern Y Regional Ethics Committee; http://ethics.health.govt.nz/home; NTY/09/003; (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation/6VYgHXKaR).

The conceptual invariance, trajectory, and outcome associations of working alliance in unguided and guided internet-based psychological interventions: A randomized controlled trial (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Luo ◽  
Matteo Bugatti ◽  
Lucero Molina ◽  
Jacqueline L. Tilley ◽  
Brittain Mahaffey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Alliance ◽  
Support Group ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Initial Sessions ◽  
Clinician Support

BACKGROUND The role of working alliance is largely unknown for internet-based interventions (IBI), an effective alternative for traditional psychotherapy. OBJECTIVE This study examined the conceptual invariance, trajectory, and outcome associations of working alliance in internet-based interventions incorporating or excluding clinician support via text or video. METHODS One hundred and forty-three adults with subclinical anxiety, stress, and/or depression symptoms were randomized to one of three treatment conditions for 7 weeks. All participants received access to MyCompass, an internet-delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy program. Participants in Condition 1 did not receive clinician support. Participants in Condition 2 and 3 received supplemental asynchronous clinician support via text or video respectively. Working alliance was measured weekly. Symptom outcomes were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and 1-month follow-up. RESULTS We found scalar invariance of working alliance, indicating that working alliance was conceptually invariant across three conditions. Working alliance decreased significantly over time only in the text support group. Stronger baseline level and Faster increases in alliance predicted better outcomes at both post-treatment and follow-up only in the video support group. CONCLUSIONS Working alliance is methodologically comparable with or without clinician support and is generally established at initial sessions of IBI. Better alliance contributed to better outcomes only when clinician support is available via videos. CLINICALTRIAL clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT05122429

scholarly journals My Health Too: Investigating the Feasibility and the Acceptability of an Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Program Developed for Healthcare Workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raven Bureau ◽  
Doha Bemmouna ◽  
Clara Gitahy Falcao Faria ◽  
Anne-Aline Catteau Goethals ◽  
Floriane Douhet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Therapy Program

Background: The COVID-19 crisis has had a considerable mental health impact on healthcare workers. High levels of psychological distress are expected to have a significant impact on healthcare systems, warranting the need for evidence-based psychological interventions targeting stress and fostering resilience in this population. Online cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has proved to be effective in targeting stress and promoting resilience. However, online CBT programs targeting stress in healthcare workers are lacking.Objective: The aim of our study is to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of an internet-based CBT intervention, the My Health Too program we developed during the first COVID-19 epidemic peak in France.Methods: We recruited 10 participants among Alsace region hospital staff during the first peak of the pandemic in France. They were given 1 week to test the website and were then asked to answer an internet survey and a semi-structured phone interview.Results: We conducted a thematic analysis of the content from the phone interviews. Major themes were identified, discussed and coded: the technical aspects, the content of the website and its impact on participants’ emotions and everyday life. Overall, the participants reported finding the website easy to use and interactive. They described the resources as easy to understand, readily usable, and useful in inducing calm and in helping them practice self-compassion.Conclusion: Our results suggest that the My Health Too online CBT program is highly feasible and acceptable to healthcare workers during the highly stressful times of the pandemic peak. The feedback provided helped to improve the program whose efficacy is to be tested.

My Health Too: Investigating the feasibility and the acceptability of an internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy program developed for healthcare workers (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raven Bureau ◽  
Doha Bemmouna ◽  
Clara Gitahy Falcão Faria ◽  
Anne-Aline Catteau Goethals ◽  
Floriane Douhet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Therapy Program

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 crisis has had a considerable mental health impact on healthcare workers. High levels of psychological distress are expected to have a significant impact on healthcare systems, warranting the need for evidence-based psychological interventions targeting stress and fostering resilience in this population. Online cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has proved to be effective in targeting stress and promoting resilience. However, online CBT programs targeting stress in healthcare workers are lacking. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study is to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of an internet-based CBT intervention, the My Health Too program we developed during the first COVID-19 epidemic peak in France. METHODS We recruited 10 participants among Alsace region hospital staff during the pandemic first peak in France. They were given one week to test the website, and were then asked to answer an internet survey and a semi-structured phone interview. RESULTS We conducted a thematic analysis of the content from the phone interviews. Major themes were identified, discussed and coded: the technical aspects, the content of the website and its impact on participants’ emotions and everyday life. Overall, the participants reported finding the website easy to use and interactive. They described the resources as easy to understand, readily usable, and useful in inducing calm and in helping them practice self-compassion. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the My Health Too online CBT program is highly feasible and acceptable to healthcare workers during the highly stressful times of the pandemic peak. The feedback provided helped to improve the program whose efficacy is to be tested.

scholarly journals How LGBT+ Young People Use the Internet in Relation to Their Mental Health and Envisage the Use of e-Therapy: Exploratory Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathijs Lucassen ◽  
Rajvinder Samra ◽  
Ioanna Iacovides ◽  
Theresa Fleming ◽  
Matthew Shepherd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Lgbt Youth ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Professional Study

BACKGROUND: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth and other young people diverse in terms of their sexuality and gender (LGBT+) are at an elevated risk of mental health problems such as depression. Factors such as isolation and stigma mean that accessing mental health services can be particularly challenging for LGBT+ young people, and previous studies have highlighted that many prefer to access psychological support on the Web. Research from New Zealand has demonstrated promising effectiveness and acceptability for an LGBT+ focused, serious game-based, computerized cognitive behavioral therapy program, Rainbow Smart, Positive, Active, Realistic, X-factor thoughts (SPARX). However, there has been limited research conducted in the area of electronic therapy (e-therapy) for LGBT+ people. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore how and why LGBT+ young people use the internet to support their mental health. This study also sought to explore LGBT+ young people's and professionals' views about e-therapies, drawing on the example of Rainbow SPARX. METHODS: A total of 3 focus groups and 5 semistructured interviews were conducted with 21 LGBT+ young people (aged 15-22 years) and 6 professionals (4 health and social care practitioners and 2 National Health Service commissioners) in England and Wales. A general inductive approach was used to analyze data. RESULTS: LGBT+ youth participants considered that the use of the internet was ubiquitous, and it was valuable for support and information. However, they also thought that internet use could be problematic, and they highlighted certain internet safety and personal security considerations. They drew on a range of gaming experiences and expectations to inform their feedback about Rainbow SPARX. Their responses focused on the need for this e-therapy program to be updated and refined. LGBT+ young people experienced challenges related to stigma and mistreatment, and they suggested that strategies addressing their common challenges should be included in e-therapy content. Professional study participants also emphasized the need to update and refine Rainbow SPARX. Moreover, professionals highlighted some of the issues associated with e-therapies needing to demonstrate effectiveness and challenges associated with health service commissioning processes. CONCLUSIONS: LGBT+ young people use the internet to obtain support and access information, including information related to their mental health. They are interested in LGBT-specific e-therapies; however, these must be in a contemporary format, engaging, and adequately acknowledge the experiences of LGBT+ young people.

scholarly journals NoFumo+: A Clinical Trial of an mHealth for Smoking Cessation with Hospitalized Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10476
Author(s):  
Patricia García-Pazo ◽  
Albert Sesé ◽  
Jordi Llabrés ◽  
Joana Fornés-Vives
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Specific Element ◽  
Usual Treatment ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Complete Treatment ◽  
Hospitalized Smokers

Smartphone applications (apps) improve accessibility to smoking cessation treatments. The NoFumo+ app administers a cognitive behavioral therapy program for smoking cessation. This study evaluates the efficacy of NoFumo+ for quitting smoking or reducing cigarette consumption versus the usual information-based treatment. A clinical trial was conducted with 99 hospitalized smokers, 54 pseudo-randomly assigned to the app treatment and 45 to the usual treatment. The two groups had homogeneous baseline characteristics to ensure comparability. Abstinence was evaluated at post-treatment (two months) and at a six-month follow-up. The results obtained indicate that participants who receive the usual treatment are 5.40 times more likely to continue smoking than those who undergo the app treatment (95% CI = [1.35; 20.15]). Participants who do not succeed in quitting smoking with the app manage to decrease their habitual consumption. Users who successfully complete treatment with NoFumo+ access all its contents and use the chat, but without requesting professional support. There is not enough empirical evidence to attribute this success to any specific element of the app. NoFumo+ achieves better abstinence rates than the usual information-based treatments, and the goal of generalizing its use to the non-hospitalized smoking population may be achievable in the future.

scholarly journals How LGBT+ Young People Use the Internet in Relation to Their Mental Health and Envisage the Use of e-Therapy: Exploratory Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathijs Lucassen ◽  
Rajvinder Samra ◽  
Ioanna Iacovides ◽  
Theresa Fleming ◽  
Matthew Shepherd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Lgbt Youth ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Professional Study

BACKGROUND Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth and other young people diverse in terms of their sexuality and gender (LGBT+) are at an elevated risk of mental health problems such as depression. Factors such as isolation and stigma mean that accessing mental health services can be particularly challenging for LGBT+ young people, and previous studies have highlighted that many prefer to access psychological support on the Web. Research from New Zealand has demonstrated promising effectiveness and acceptability for an LGBT+ focused, serious game–based, computerized cognitive behavioral therapy program, Rainbow Smart, Positive, Active, Realistic, X-factor thoughts (SPARX). However, there has been limited research conducted in the area of electronic therapy (e-therapy) for LGBT+ people. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore how and why LGBT+ young people use the internet to support their mental health. This study also sought to explore LGBT+ young people’s and professionals’ views about e-therapies, drawing on the example of Rainbow SPARX. METHODS A total of 3 focus groups and 5 semistructured interviews were conducted with 21 LGBT+ young people (aged 15-22 years) and 6 professionals (4 health and social care practitioners and 2 National Health Service commissioners) in England and Wales. A general inductive approach was used to analyze data. RESULTS LGBT+ youth participants considered that the use of the internet was ubiquitous, and it was valuable for support and information. However, they also thought that internet use could be problematic, and they highlighted certain internet safety and personal security considerations. They drew on a range of gaming experiences and expectations to inform their feedback about Rainbow SPARX. Their responses focused on the need for this e-therapy program to be updated and refined. LGBT+ young people experienced challenges related to stigma and mistreatment, and they suggested that strategies addressing their common challenges should be included in e-therapy content. Professional study participants also emphasized the need to update and refine Rainbow SPARX. Moreover, professionals highlighted some of the issues associated with e-therapies needing to demonstrate effectiveness and challenges associated with health service commissioning processes. CONCLUSIONS LGBT+ young people use the internet to obtain support and access information, including information related to their mental health. They are interested in LGBT-specific e-therapies; however, these must be in a contemporary format, engaging, and adequately acknowledge the experiences of LGBT+ young people.

scholarly journals How LGBT+ Young People Use the Internet in Relation to Their Mental Health and Envisage the Use of e-Therapy: Exploratory Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathijs Lucassen ◽  
Rajvinder Samra ◽  
Ioanna Iacovides ◽  
Theresa Fleming ◽  
Matthew Shepherd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Lgbt Youth ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Professional Study

BACKGROUND: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth and other young people diverse in terms of their sexuality and gender (LGBT+) are at an elevated risk of mental health problems such as depression. Factors such as isolation and stigma mean that accessing mental health services can be particularly challenging for LGBT+ young people, and previous studies have highlighted that many prefer to access psychological support on the Web. Research from New Zealand has demonstrated promising effectiveness and acceptability for an LGBT+ focused, serious game-based, computerized cognitive behavioral therapy program, Rainbow Smart, Positive, Active, Realistic, X-factor thoughts (SPARX). However, there has been limited research conducted in the area of electronic therapy (e-therapy) for LGBT+ people. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore how and why LGBT+ young people use the internet to support their mental health. This study also sought to explore LGBT+ young people's and professionals' views about e-therapies, drawing on the example of Rainbow SPARX. METHODS: A total of 3 focus groups and 5 semistructured interviews were conducted with 21 LGBT+ young people (aged 15-22 years) and 6 professionals (4 health and social care practitioners and 2 National Health Service commissioners) in England and Wales. A general inductive approach was used to analyze data. RESULTS: LGBT+ youth participants considered that the use of the internet was ubiquitous, and it was valuable for support and information. However, they also thought that internet use could be problematic, and they highlighted certain internet safety and personal security considerations. They drew on a range of gaming experiences and expectations to inform their feedback about Rainbow SPARX. Their responses focused on the need for this e-therapy program to be updated and refined. LGBT+ young people experienced challenges related to stigma and mistreatment, and they suggested that strategies addressing their common challenges should be included in e-therapy content. Professional study participants also emphasized the need to update and refine Rainbow SPARX. Moreover, professionals highlighted some of the issues associated with e-therapies needing to demonstrate effectiveness and challenges associated with health service commissioning processes. CONCLUSIONS: LGBT+ young people use the internet to obtain support and access information, including information related to their mental health. They are interested in LGBT-specific e-therapies; however, these must be in a contemporary format, engaging, and adequately acknowledge the experiences of LGBT+ young people.

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