scholarly journals NoFumo+: A Clinical Trial of an mHealth for Smoking Cessation with Hospitalized Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10476
Author(s):  
Patricia García-Pazo ◽  
Albert Sesé ◽  
Jordi Llabrés ◽  
Joana Fornés-Vives
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Specific Element ◽  
Usual Treatment ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Complete Treatment ◽  
Hospitalized Smokers

Smartphone applications (apps) improve accessibility to smoking cessation treatments. The NoFumo+ app administers a cognitive behavioral therapy program for smoking cessation. This study evaluates the efficacy of NoFumo+ for quitting smoking or reducing cigarette consumption versus the usual information-based treatment. A clinical trial was conducted with 99 hospitalized smokers, 54 pseudo-randomly assigned to the app treatment and 45 to the usual treatment. The two groups had homogeneous baseline characteristics to ensure comparability. Abstinence was evaluated at post-treatment (two months) and at a six-month follow-up. The results obtained indicate that participants who receive the usual treatment are 5.40 times more likely to continue smoking than those who undergo the app treatment (95% CI = [1.35; 20.15]). Participants who do not succeed in quitting smoking with the app manage to decrease their habitual consumption. Users who successfully complete treatment with NoFumo+ access all its contents and use the chat, but without requesting professional support. There is not enough empirical evidence to attribute this success to any specific element of the app. NoFumo+ achieves better abstinence rates than the usual information-based treatments, and the goal of generalizing its use to the non-hospitalized smoking population may be achievable in the future.

The conceptual invariance, trajectory, and outcome associations of working alliance in unguided and guided internet-based psychological interventions: A randomized controlled trial (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Luo ◽  
Matteo Bugatti ◽  
Lucero Molina ◽  
Jacqueline L. Tilley ◽  
Brittain Mahaffey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Alliance ◽  
Support Group ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Initial Sessions ◽  
Clinician Support

BACKGROUND The role of working alliance is largely unknown for internet-based interventions (IBI), an effective alternative for traditional psychotherapy. OBJECTIVE This study examined the conceptual invariance, trajectory, and outcome associations of working alliance in internet-based interventions incorporating or excluding clinician support via text or video. METHODS One hundred and forty-three adults with subclinical anxiety, stress, and/or depression symptoms were randomized to one of three treatment conditions for 7 weeks. All participants received access to MyCompass, an internet-delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy program. Participants in Condition 1 did not receive clinician support. Participants in Condition 2 and 3 received supplemental asynchronous clinician support via text or video respectively. Working alliance was measured weekly. Symptom outcomes were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and 1-month follow-up. RESULTS We found scalar invariance of working alliance, indicating that working alliance was conceptually invariant across three conditions. Working alliance decreased significantly over time only in the text support group. Stronger baseline level and Faster increases in alliance predicted better outcomes at both post-treatment and follow-up only in the video support group. CONCLUSIONS Working alliance is methodologically comparable with or without clinician support and is generally established at initial sessions of IBI. Better alliance contributed to better outcomes only when clinician support is available via videos. CLINICALTRIAL clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT05122429

scholarly journals Smoking Cessation, Weight Gain, and the Trajectory of Estimated Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: 8-Year Follow-up From a Prospective Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanmei Chen ◽  
Yohei Kawasaki ◽  
Huanhuan Hu ◽  
Keisuke Kuwahara ◽  
Makoto Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Japanese Male ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Body Weight Increase

Abstract Introduction The effect of weight gain following smoking cessation on cardiovascular risks is unclear. We aimed to prospectively investigate the association of weight gain following smoking cessation with the trajectory of estimated risks of coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods In a cohort of 18 562 Japanese male employees aged 30–64 years and initially free of cardiovascular diseases, participants were exclusively grouped into sustained smokers, quitters with weight gain (body weight increase ≥5%), quitters without weight gain (body weight increase <5% or weight loss), and never smokers. Global 10-year CHD risk was annually estimated by using a well-validated prediction model for the Japanese population. Linear mixed models and piecewise linear mixed models were used to compare changes in the estimated 10-year CHD risk by smoking status and weight change following smoking cessation. Results During a maximum of 8-year follow-up, both quitters with and without weight gain had a substantially decreased level of estimated 10-year CHD risk after quitting smoking, compared with sustained smokers (all ps for mean differences < .001). The estimated 10-year CHD risk within the first year after cessation decreased more rapidly in quitters without weight gain than in quitters with weight gain (change rate [95% confidence interval, CI] −0.90 [−1.04 to −0.75] vs. −0.40 [−0.60 to −0.19] % per year, p < .0001). Thereafter, the estimated 10-year CHD risk in both groups increased at similar rates (change rate [95% CI] −0.07 [−0.21 to 0.07] vs. 0.11 [−0.09 to 0.30] % per year, p = .16, from year 1 to year 2; and 0.10 [0.05 to 0.15] vs. 0.11 [0.04 to 0.18] % per year, p = .80, from year 2 to year 8). Conclusions In this population of middle-aged, Japanese male workers, smoking cessation greatly reduces the estimated 10-year risk of CHD. However, weight gain weakens the beneficial effect of quitting smoking in a temporary and limited fashion. Implications To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the effect of weight gain following smoking cessation on the trajectory of the absolute risk of CHD. Our data imply that the benefits of cessation for reducing the absolute risk of CHD outweigh the potential risk increase due to weight gain, and suggest that in order to maximize the beneficial effects of quitting smoking, interventions to control post-cessation weight gain might be warranted.

scholarly journals Change in smoking cessation stage over 1 year in patients with schizophrenia: a follow up study in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Higuchi ◽  
Masaki Fujiwara ◽  
Naoki Nakaya ◽  
Maiko Fujimori ◽  
Chinatsu Hayashibara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Intention To Quit ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Smoking Behaviors

Abstract Background We performed a follow up study about willingness and behaviors to quit smoking among smokers with schizophrenia in Japan. Methods Participants were outpatients with schizophrenia aged 20–69 years who had been visiting the hospital for ≥1 year as of April 1, 2016, and had visited the hospital more than once in the previous 6 months. A baseline survey on smoking behaviors including current smoking status and smoking cessation stage, was administered in 420 participants that were randomly extracted from a patient pool (n = 680) in 2016, and a follow-up survey was administered in 2017. We calculated the distribution and change in smoking cessation stage, number of smokers and nonsmokers after 1 year, and quitting rate from a naturalistic 1-year smoking-cessation follow up. Results The number of baseline respondents was 350; 113 current smokers and 68 former smokers. Among the 113 current smokers, 104 (92.0%) were followed for 1 year, 79 (70.0%) were interested in smoking cessation, and only 7 had received smoking cessation treatments at baseline. Among the tracked 104 participants, only 6 (5.8%) stopped smoking after 1 year. Among the 25 participants who had intentions to quit smoking within 6 months at baseline, 6 (24.0%) maintained their intention to quit smoking for 1 year, and 16 (64.0%) did not maintain their intention to quit smoking. Conclusions Our findings showed that many smokers with schizophrenia were interested in quitting smoking, but few patients received treatment and actually quit smoking. Timely intervention, including the option to receive smoking cessation treatment, is necessary for those patients with schizophrenia who smoke. Trial registration UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000023874, registered on August 31, 2016).

scholarly journals Impact of Smoking Cessation Interventions Initiated During Hospitalization Among HIV-Infected Smokers

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1170-1177
Author(s):  
Virginia A Triant ◽  
Ellie Grossman ◽  
Nancy A Rigotti ◽  
Rekha Ramachandran ◽  
Susan Regan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Smoking Cessation Intervention ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Urban Hospital ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cessation Intervention ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Hospitalized Smokers

Abstract Introduction Smoking is a key determinant of mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods To better understand the effects of smoking cessation interventions in PLWH, we conducted a pooled analysis of four randomized controlled trials of hospital-initiated smoking interventions conducted through the Consortium of Hospitals Advancing Research on Tobacco (CHART). In each study, cigarette smokers were randomly assigned to usual care or a smoking cessation intervention. The primary outcome was self-reported past 30-day tobacco abstinence at 6-month follow-up. Abstinence rates were compared between PLWH and participants without HIV and by treatment arm, using both complete-case and intention-to-treat analyses. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the effect of HIV status on 6-month tobacco abstinence and to determine predictors of smoking cessation within PLWH. Results Among 5550 hospitalized smokers, there were 202 (3.6%) PLWH. PLWH smoked fewer cigarettes per day and were less likely to be planning to quit than smokers without HIV. At 6 months, cessation rates did not differ between intervention and control groups among PLWH (28.9% vs. 30.5%) or smokers without HIV (36.1% vs. 34.1%). In multivariable regression analysis, HIV status was not significantly associated with smoking cessation at 6 months. Among PLWH, confidence in quitting was the only clinical factor independently associated with smoking cessation (OR 2.0, 95% CI = 1.4 to 2.8, p &lt; .01). Conclusions HIV status did not alter likelihood of quitting smoking after hospital discharge, whether or not the smoker was offered a tobacco cessation intervention, but power was limited to identify potentially important differences. Implications PLWH had similar quit rates to participants without HIV following a hospital-initiated smoking cessation intervention. The findings suggest that factors specific to HIV infection may not influence response to smoking cessation interventions and that all PLWH would benefit from efforts to assist in quitting smoking. Trial Registration (1) Using “warm handoffs” to link hospitalized smokers with tobacco treatment after discharge: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial: NCT01305928. (2) Web-based smoking cessation intervention that transitions from inpatient to outpatient: NCT01277250. (3) Effectiveness of smoking-cessation interventions for urban hospital patients: NCT01363245. (4) Effectiveness of Post-Discharge Strategies for Hospitalized Smokers (HelpingHAND2): NCT01714323.

scholarly journals Comparative Effectiveness of Group-Delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy versus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer B McClure ◽  
Jonathan Bricker ◽  
Kristin Mull ◽  
Jaimee L Heffner
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
Point Prevalence Abstinence

Abstract Introduction Preliminary trial data suggest group-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) might be effective for smoking cessation. If so, this could offer a viable alternative to mainstream behavioral therapies, such as those grounded in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The goal of the current study was to compare the effectiveness of group-delivered ACT versus group-delivered CBT in a rigorous randomized trial design with long-term follow-up. Methods Participants (n = 450) were recruited from the Kaiser Permanente Washington health care system and randomized to either ACT-based group counseling or an attention-matched CBT-based group program. All were prescribed an 8-week course of nicotine patches. The primary outcome was self-reported 30-day point prevalence abstinence at 12 months post-randomization assessed with missing values imputed as smoking. Sensitivity analyses using multiple imputation and complete cases were examined, as were biochemically confirmed and 6-month outcomes. Results Thirty-day point prevalence abstinence rates at the 12-month follow-up did not differ between study arms in the primary analysis (13.8% ACT vs. 18.1% CBT, adjusted odds ratio = 0.68 [95% CI = 0.35 to 1.27], p = .23) or the sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Group-based ACT and CBT had similar long-term quit rates in this methodologically rigorous randomized trial. Group-based ACT is a reasonable alternative to group-based CBT for smoking cessation. Implications This study compared the effectiveness of group-based ACT with group-based CBT for smoking cessation using a rigorous, large-scale, attention-matched, randomized trial with 1-year follow-up. One-year cessation rates did not differ between group-based ACT and CBT, suggesting ACT-based intervention is a reasonable alternative to CBT-based counseling for smoking cessation. The results add to the nascent but growing literature assessing ACT and other mindfulness-based treatments for smoking cessation.

The effects of physician-delivered brief smoking cessation on ACRIN/NLST participants’ smoking behaviors.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7525-7525
Author(s):  
Ilana F Gareen ◽  
Elyse R. Park ◽  
Jeremy Gorelick ◽  
Sandra Japuntich ◽  
Inga Tolin Lennes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Lung Cancer Mortality ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Smoking Cessation Counseling ◽  
Screening Guidelines ◽  
National Lung Screening Trial ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Smoking Behaviors ◽  
Lung Screening

7525 Background: The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) demonstrated a 20% relative reduction in lung cancer mortality for current and former heavy smokers screened with low-dose CT vs. radiography. The NCCN and ACS recently released lung screening guidelines which promote smoking cessation counseling, but there is no information about the prevalence or effectiveness of brief physician-delivered smoking cessation interventions, such as the 5As (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange follow-up) among lung screening patients. Methods: Among 8,878 NLST participants from 23 ACRIN sites who were smoking at enrollment, we conducted a longitudinal examination of the 1) rates and patterns of each reported 5A receipt and 2) association between each A and quitting. Using a case-control logistic regression, which matched participants according to trial arm; sociodemographic; medical; and smoking characteristics, we compared self-reported point-prevalence abstinence following 5A receipt. Results: Participants were 54% male, 90.6% white, and mean age 60.8 years. Receipt of 5As was consistent for the first 3 study years; rates of Ask (75%) and Advise (74%), exceeded rates of Assess (64%), Assist (58%), and Arrange follow-up (13%). Receipt of Ask, Advise, and Assess did not significantly increase the odds of a participant quitting smoking. Assist (cessation counseling, medication) increased the odds of quitting smoking by 22% (p=0.0002), and Arrange follow-up increased the odds of quitting by 20% (p=0.002). Older age and lower nicotine dependence were significantly associated with quitting, after accounting for the effectiveness of Assist (OR=1.34, CI: 1.16-1.55; OR== 0.95, CI: .93-.97) and Arrange follow-up (OR=1.34, CI: 1.16, 1.54; OR=.95, CI: .93-.97). Conclusions: Among high risk patients undergoing lung screening, Advice to quit was not associated with improved odds of smokers’ quitting. Assist and Arrange follow-up were associated with improved odds of smokers’ quitting, but unfortunately, rates of receipt of these As were low. Physician-delivered smoking cessation assistance and follow-up has the potential to enhance the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of lung screening. Clinical trial information: CDR0000257938.

scholarly journals Between Inhale and Exhale

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Liang Dai ◽  
Manoj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
English Language ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Quantitative Design

The current study provided a review of evidence-based yoga interventions’ impact on smoking cessation. The researchers reviewed articles obtained from MEDLINE (PubMed), EBSCOHOST, PROQUEST, MEDINDIA, CINAHL, Alt HealthWatch, and AMED databases. Inclusion criteria were as follows: ( a) study published between 2004 and 2013, ( b) study published in English language, ( c) study used yoga-based interventions, ( d) study involved smokers with varying level of smoking, ( e) study used any quantitative design, and ( f) study had physiological and/or psychological outcomes. A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. Designs were 2 pre–post tests and 8 randomized controlled trials. Majority of the interventions were able to enhance quitting smoking rates in the participants under study. Yoga-based interventions hold promise for smoking cessation. Some of the limitations include short follow-up measurements and short duration of intervention.

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