“The Development of the Ideas of Scholars of Previous Generations Will Be the Best Monument for Them”: In Memory of Leonid Teodorovich Yablonsky (1950–2016)

Research objectives: To consider the creative path and main views of L.T. Yablonsky, as well as his influence on ideas about the ethnic history of the Golden Horde population and theoretical problems of ethnogenesis. Research materials: The authors of the article were based on numerous publications by L.T. Yablonsky, as well as personal impressions from meetings with the researcher on expeditions and at academic conferences. Results and novelty of the research: The authors consider the formation of L.T. Yablonsky as a unique specialist who combined archaeological training and professional study of physical anthropology. This allowed him to draw important conclusions about the formation of the Golden Horde population. Later, he resorted to this method to study the early nomads of the Aral Sea region and the South Urals. His works became an event in the research field, since they positively differed from others not only by an interdisciplinary approach to the problem under study – at the junction of archaeology and ethnogenetics – but also by the wide use of anthropological materials. Prior to these works, all information about the population of the Jochid ulus was fragmentary and unsystematic, and he was the very researcher who first connected the data of paleoanthropology and the analysis of the burial rite in medieval burial grounds. He proved the fact that the Golden Horde population consisted of mixed population groups, and identified those population groups that, in his opinion, came from Central Asia. L.T. Yablonsky attached great importance to the methodology of research on ethnogenesis and ethnic history. He advocated an integrated scientific approach to their study and emphasized the huge role of paleoanthropology and archaeology in solving ethnogenetic problems. In his opinion, the rapid divergence of various scientific disciplines – ethnology, archaeology, physical anthropology, and genetics – was the main problem that hindered the development of scientific ethnogenetic research. L.T. Yablonsky, therefore, believed that expanding comprehensive research would help solve this problem.

Ukrainian Naval history as a component of the maritime code of the nation

This study is based on the information from different textbooks and manuals on the Naval and Navigation History. The Ukrainian publications on the history of navigation and naval history of Ukraine intended for teaching this subject in higher educational institutions are considered. The primary purposes of this study are: firstly, the emphasis is on the argumentation and reliability of historical constructions depending on the maritime professionalism of the researcher; secondly, the visualisation of historical material is presented clearly in the form of both photographs and relevant informative tables, which facilitate the perception of information, and in some cases replace a large number of narrative texts; thirdly, the author’s version of the structuring of the naval history of Ukraine was developed in tabular form. The study uses the statistical, chronological, and comparative approaches. As results, several tables and visual information were compiled, which could replace descriptive verbal historical texts. The connection between the national history of navigation and the Maritime Code of the Nation is established. The conclusion on the security of the state from the maritime threats was made due to the motivation of its defenders due to the professional study of the naval history of Ukraine.

THE INFLUENCE OF HIGHER EDUCATION ON THE ACQUISITION OF STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS AND COMPETENCES REQUIRED IN THE LABOUR MARKET

Institutions of higher education, among other duties and responsibilities, prepare students to enter the labour market. The aim of this paper is to determine the extent to which higher education prepares students for the foreordained transition from the educational system to the labour market. The research was conducted in the form of a survey by which the students of the final years of the professional undergraduate study Management and the graduate professional study Management at the College of Slavonski Brod carried out a self-assessment of their knowledge, skills and competencies. To present and elaborate prerequisites of education as preparation for the labour market, characteristics of the labour markets and employment policy measures as well as knowledge, skills and competencies that are required on today's labour market and for the purpose of conducting this research, the following scientific methods were used: analysis and synthesis, historical method, comparative method, induction and deduction and statistical method. Results of this research indicate; if the students in the final years, of both, the undergraduate study and the graduate study, have the necessary knowledge, skills and competences that employers require of their employees, then students will consider themselves more prepared to find a job. In that regard, it is expected that each higher education institution provides students with the necessary knowledge, skills and competences i.e. those that enable students to cope well with the challenges of the labour market.

Blended Course Evaluation in the Context of English for Specific Purposes: Accountability and Development

Blended learning utilizes the affordances of information and communication technology to integrate online learning with face-to-face teaching. It facilitates to meet students’ disciplinary learning needs and helps them achieve the intended learning outcomes so that they can advance in their professional study. The present study focuses on developing and evaluating a blended course implemented in the context of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) from the perspective of accountability and development, with the purpose of assessing the effectiveness of the course from three aspects: the satisfaction of students’ learning requirements, the achievement of their learning outcomes, and the ongoing refinement of the course. Data of the course evaluation survey were quantitatively analyzed by descriptive statistics and data of students’ learning reflections were qualitatively analyzed by thematic analysis. Results indicate that, firstly, students are satisfied with the course design and its implementation; secondly, the course modification should focus on adding academic presentations, teaching in English with trans-semiotising approach and consolidating the disciplinary community, which in turn activate students’ knowledge-sharing and critical thinking. The study offers a systematic framework to evaluate the ESP blended course, which also has implications for evaluating blended courses in other language curricula.

Early Clinical Experience and Mentoring of Young Dental Students—A Qualitative Study

The literature reports that student transition between preclinical and clinical dental education can be traumatic and stressful for many reasons. Early clinical experience has been reported to provide some relief. In this qualitative study, twelve final year dental students were interviewed about their perceptions and experiences with a mentee/mentor (FOAL) program in Aarhus, Denmark, to see if it (1) counteracted stress perceptions from preclinical education to the clinic, (2) inspired professionalism and a sense of study relevance, (3) helped in learning to reflect on competencies and attitudes, (4) helped with clinical social perspectives (communication/contact), (5) helped with motivation to learn and (6) helped to reaffirm one’s professional study choice. Using qualitative description methods with purposeful sampling, data from interviews were collected, transcribed, analyzed and validated with a short questionnaire. The FOAL program, today, has several benefits for mentees, including partially helping in the preclinic to clinic transition and the increased insight into mentors’ clinical tasks and communication with patients. Informants described that FOAL also contributed positively to both mentee and mentor students’ learning motivation, collaborative skills and professional attitudes. Challenges were lack of organization/planning, not enough clinical hours, lack of clinical knowledge and persistent stress levels at the clinical transition. These issues are already being considered in the curriculum reform currently in progress and are also relevant to other dental curricula internationally.

Science with Boundaries: Yang Zhongjian and Vertebrate Paleontology in Republican China, 1919–1950

The rapid development of paleontology–especially vertebrate paleontology and dinosaurology–has made ‘Chinese Paleontology’ an important subfield of paleontology since the 1990s, resulting in China becoming a powerhouse of paleontological research. This chapter focuses on YANG Zhongjiang (1897–1979), often celebrated as the father of Chinese vertebrate paleontology, to examine how the field of his specialty was established and developed as a scientific discipline in his country. It traces Yang’s early academic experience from a geology major at Peking University in the early 1920s to his graduate years in Germany under the famous paleontologist Ferdinand Broili. Yang’s professional study and training was strengthened by his rich field experience after returning to China in the late 1920s. He participated not only in the joint Sino-American Central Asiatic Expedition to Mongolia in 1930, but also in the extensive excavation project of the Peking Man fossils conducted by the Cenozoic Research Laboratory. His more independent work took place during the Second Sino-Japanese War, when he discovered, studied, and constructed China’s first complete dinosaur fossils (the Lufengosaurus). Besides describing the making of a professional paleontologist in China in the first half of the 20th century, this chapter also illuminates questions that are intrinsic to the development of scientific disciplines at a time when the rise of Chinese nationalism intersected with scientific internationalism and imperialism. How did the academic practice of paleontology reflect unequal political realities? Is paleontology a ‘local science’? Could the endeavor for ‘local science’ empower scientists from developing nations?

Ukrainian Naval History as a Component of the Maritime Code of the Nation

This study is based on the information from different textbooks and manuals on the Naval and Navigation History. The Ukrainian publications on the history of navigation and naval history of Ukraine intended for teaching this subject in higher educational institutions are considered. The primary purposes of this study are: firstly, the emphasis is on the argumentation and reliability of historical constructions depending on the maritime professionalism of the researcher; secondly, the visualisation of historical material is presented clearly in the form of both photographs and relevant informative tables, which facilitate the perception of information, and in some cases replace a large number of narrative texts; thirdly, the author’s version of the structuring of the naval history of Ukraine was developed in tabular form. The study uses the statistical, chronological, and comparative approaches. As results, several tables and visual information were compiled, which could replace descriptive verbal historical texts. The connection between the national history of navigation and the Maritime Code of the Nation is established. The conclusion on the security of the state from the maritime threats was made due to the motivation of its defenders due to the professional study of the naval history of Ukraine. Recommendation – the practical significance of the study is to form a historical basis for adjusting the Ukrainian Navy’s Development Programme.

Introduction

This chapter presents two very different perspectives on living organ donation — one very specific and personal and one shaped by a lifetime of professional study and experience. The chapter aims to better understand the evolution and current state of organ transplantation, as well as consideration of practices and policies that could increase the willingness and ability of more people to donate. It tells the story of one kidney transplant from a living donor. The donor was unrelated to the recipient and, when she volunteered to donate, she did not even know the recipient. The chapter examines the importance of the story for two reasons: first, it might inspire some people to follow the donor's path and donate, the second reason is that it might goad transplant programs into rethinking their processes for cultivating, evaluating, and then stewarding organ donors. Ultimately, the chapter discusses why the criteria for who could donate expanded. With each expansion, new ethical questions arose about the motivations of donors, the prerogatives of surgeons, and the acceptable levels of physical and psychological risks for donors.

Religious Studies and the Spiritual Turn

This article surveys the range of positions from which religious studies scholars have generally responded to the spiritual turn. We classify these as: the sociology of religion approach, the critical religion approach, and the practical study for spirituality by professional fields like business, education, and healthcare. In light of recent cultural sociological and historical scholarship on the emic folk category “spirituality” we argue that, given their foundational assumptions, each of these approaches is inadequate for achieving an accurate empirical account of the spiritual turn. We argue that for sociology of religion and critical religion to adequately respond to the professional study for spirituality, they must begin to reckon with the minority consensus developed by cultural sociologists about the spiritual turn. The minority consensus holds that the spiritual turn comprises two components: first, a semantic shift from “religion” to “spirituality,” and second, the crystallization and spread of a shared cultural structure. Coming to terms with this approach will require scholars of religion to reconsider both their assumptions about the category “religion” as well as the limits of their discipline.

Research on the Training Method of Clinical Thinking in Human Anatomy Teaching

<p><span lang="EN-US">Human anatomy is a science to study the normal human body shape and structure. It is an important basic medical course, and closely related to various medical disciplines, especially to clinical medicine. Under the concept of comprehensive quality education, anatomy teachers should not only impart theoretical knowledge and professional skills, but also pay attention to the cultivation of students’ clinical thinking ability, so as to lay a solid foundation for students’ subsequent professional study and clinical practice. This paper focuses on the training of clinical thinking in human anatomy teaching.</span></p>