Applying Social Norms Theory within Affiliation Groups: Promising Interventions for High-Risk Drinking

NASPA Journal ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Bruce ◽  
Adrienne E Keller
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
State University ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Social Norms Theory ◽  
High Risk Drinking

On college campuses across the country, high-risk drinking and the associated negative consequences have become a national concern. As colleges strive to find appropriate and effective approaches to deal with this issue, social norms theory provides a coherent framework for interventions that are relevant and positive. Small Group Social Norms (SGSN) interventions within affiliation groups offer a cost-effective, acceptable intervention that can decrease high-risk drinking and associated negative consequences. Experiences with SGSN interventions for student athletes and members of fraternities and sororities at a prominent state university demonstrate the process, effectiveness, and potential of these kinds of interventions.

Confusion Surrounding Social Marketing Strategies and Social Norm Theory: To Prevent High-Risk Drinking among College Students

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tavis J. Glassman ◽  
Robert E. Braun
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Social Norms Theory ◽  
Norm Theory ◽  
High Risk Drinking ◽  
Marketing Principles

High-risk drinking, the consumption of 5 or more drinks on one occasion, constitutes a serious public health issue among young adults, particularly college students. In an attempt to address this issue in a cost-effective manner, many universities have implemented social marketing interventions sometimes utilizing social norm theory and in other cases using more traditional strategies. However, some practitioners, school officials, and even researchers incorrectly use the terms social marketing and social norms marketing, interchangeably. Social marketing influences health behavior through the use of marketing principles, such as the use of the 4Ps (product, price, placement, and promotion) to increase knowledge, change attitudes, and motivate individual or societal change. Conversely, social norms represents a specific theory which can be applied using social marketing principles. Social norm interventions are designed to correct peoples' misconceptions concerning the prevalence of a particular behavior. Theorists assert that by providing accurate information concerning the prevalence of the behavior of interest people will alter their behavior to fit the“norm.” Using social marketing approaches with or without social norms theory represents a promising cost-effective strategy for addressing high-risk drinking among college students. However, failing to understand and appreciate the conceptual underpinnings of how these two concepts relate to one another may result in ineffective interventions and conclusions concerning the efficacy of social marketing and/or social norms theory.

Keeping in School Shape (KiSS): A Program for Rehearsing Math Skills Over Breaks from School

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Carla C. Van de Sande
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Retrieval Practice ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
State University ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Math Skills ◽  
Formal Instruction ◽  
Prerequisite Knowledge

If you don’t use it, you lose it. School breaks, during which students do not regularly participate in instruction, can therefore have negative consequences on learning. This is especially true for mathematics learning since skills build progressively on earlier materials. How can we bridge these gaps in formal instruction? The Keeping in School Shape (KiSS) program is a mobile, engaging, innovative, and cost-effective way of using technology to help students who have time off between related math courses stay fresh on prerequisite knowledge and skills. Founded on learning theory and designed on a model of behavioral change, the KiSS program embodies retrieval practice and nudges by sending students a daily multiple-choice review problem via text messaging over school break. After rating their confidence in solving the daily problem students receive feedback and a solution. This study explores measures of participation, accuracy, and confidence in an implementation of the KiSS program over winter break between two sequential introductory engineering courses at a large state university in the Southwest United States. Results indicate that careful attention should be paid to the construction of the first few days of the program, and that encouragement, additional resources for review and practice, and an increased breadth of problem difficulty may improve participation.

scholarly journals Examination of Anger Prevalence in NCAA Division I Student-Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Madden ◽  
Zachary Winkelmann ◽  
Samantha Weber ◽  
Erin Moore ◽  
Toni Torres-McGehee
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Division I ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Academic Status ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sport Type

Purpose: Anger associated with sports participation may affect inability to acutely process anger, may decrease performance and increase the likelihood of risk-taking behavior in collegiate athletes. Therefore, the purpose was to examine the prevalence of anger in collegiate student-athletes across sex, academic status, and sport type. Methods: A cross sectional study over a three-year period examined 759 NCAA Division I student-athletes at one institution (age=20±1 years; males: n=259; females: n=500) completed an optional pre-participation behavioral health screening questionnaire, personal demographic information and the Anger Index Self-Test. Results: Overall, 37.2% (n=282/759; males=127/259, 49.0%; females=155/500, 31.0%) of participants were at high-risk for anger. We identified a significant difference between the anger and sex [Χ2(2, N=759) =28.1, P≤0.01]. We also identified a significant difference between the anger and sport type [Χ2(8, N=759)=32.1, P≤0.01] with 55.2% (n=419/759) at moderate risk for anger despite sport type; with the highest percentages presenting high-risk for anger within power sports (n= 64/116, 55.2%) and ball sports (n=98/240, 40.8%). No significant differences were identified for anger risk and academic status (P=0.66). Conclusions: Female collegiate student-athletes demonstrated a higher prevalence of anger than male collegiate student-athletes, yet more males were high-risk. Most student-athletes displayed moderate-risk for anger across different sports. Anger across academic status was not significantly different implying that anger management and coping skills may need to be taught during their student-athlete tenure to mitigate the identified risk. A collegiate student-athlete’s inability to process anger may affect sports performance and have negative consequences on their personal and social life. A primary prevention mechanism exists to explore proper coping mechanisms for anger during sport before the onset of mental health conditions that could exacerbate the experience for the individual.

scholarly journals Profiling of Student-Athletes using Protective Behavioral Strategies and Alcohol Use Based on Cluster Analysis Assignment

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-130
Author(s):  
Lindsey Sanders ◽  
William Dudley ◽  
Jeffrey Milroy ◽  
David Wyrick
Keyword(s):  
College Student ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Heavy Episodic Drinking ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Drinking Behaviors ◽  
High Risk Drinking ◽  
College Student Athletes

An estimated 2 in 3 college students report consuming alcohol in the past month and 44% of students report engaging in high risk or heavy episodic drinking at least once in the previous 2 weeks. Despite evidence suggesting that participation in sports may be a protective factor for the use of alcohol, recent data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), finds that 77% college student-athletes report use. Though overall prevalence rates of alcohol consumption are similar among college student-athletes and non-athletes, student-athletes are more likely to engage in binge or high-risk drinking as compared to their non-athlete peers. An overwhelming majority of studies found that protective behavioral strategy (PBS) use was associated with less drinking and alcohol-related problems. There are sport-related factors that have been assessed to determine their association with use of alcohol-related PBS. With known factors in mind, prevention programs are typically developed to effect distal outcomes by way of these, more proximal, intermediate constructs that are thought to be related to the health problem of interest. The purpose of the current study was to examine the structural features that influence whether a given student-athlete will be categorized into one of three groups; a) high-risk drinking behaviors, b) moderate risk drinking behaviors, or c) low risk drinking behaviors.

Reducing High-Risk Drinking Among Student-Athletes: The Effects of a Targeted Athlete-Specific Brief Intervention

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dolores Cimini ◽  
Joseph M. Monserrat ◽  
Karen L. Sokolowski ◽  
Joyce Y. Dewitt-Parker ◽  
Estela M. Rivero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Brief Intervention ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
High Risk Drinking
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