Steelmaking-refining-Continuous Casting (SCC) is a key process in iron and steel production. SCC scheduling is to determine an optimal schedule for the SCC process, which is a worldwide and important problem. High-quality SCC scheduling methods will help to allocate production resources effectively and increase the productivity. However, dynamic events (e.g. machine breakdown) may happen in the realistic SCC process, which will make the SCC schedule inexecutable or not optimal. In this case, SCC rescheduling is essential in order to obtain a new optimal schedule suitable for the current production environments. The SCC rescheduling can be modeled as hybrid flowshop rescheduling. In this paper, an Improved Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (IICA) is proposed to address the SCC rescheduling. In the proposed IICA, an empire initialization is first devised for constructing an initial population with diversity and certain quality. Moreover, multiswap-based local search and imperialist competition are designed to improve the exploitation ability of the IICA, while revolution and restart strategy are devised to enhance the exploration ability of the IICA. Comparison experiments with three kinds of ICA have shown the efficiency of the IICA.
Long-term Projection of CO2 Emissions from Iron and Steel Production Considering Production and Technology Change
