The 1946 Railroad Strike: Harry Truman and the Evolution of Presidential Power

Public Voices ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Bill Wiese
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Organized Labor ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Presidential Power ◽  
American President ◽  
Labor Legislation ◽  
States Government ◽  
Harry Truman ◽  
The Relationship

The author looks back at the dramatic events that gripped the nation in the spring of 1946 when the country’s two most powerful railroad unions, the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and the Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen, declared a strike and, within hours, 250,000 members had walked off their jobs. Reaction to the strike on the part of President Harry Truman was swift and dramatic. While never granted, his request to Congress for emergency executive power to draft the striking workers into the army remains to this day the single most radical proposal ever publicly made by any American President in relation to a lawfully organized labor action. The outrage of the Congress to the strike resulted in the passage of the Hartley Act in 1947, a harsh anti-labor legislation that redefined the relationship between labor and the United States government and whose effects reverberate to this day. Sixty three years after its passage, it remains the law of the land.

Global non-proliferation policies: retrospect and prospect

1982 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Nuclear Proliferation ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Nuclear Disarmament ◽  
Supply Contracts ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
States Government ◽  
The Relationship

The 1980 Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Review Conference will chiefly be remembered for the inability of the delegates to agree on a final document. There were several visible reasons for this, some related to the immediate political concerns of the participants, some linked to the nature of the treaty itself. The statements of the participating states indicated that they held differing conceptions of the purposes of the treaty, and possessed very diverse views on the action that should be taken to achieve them. Four sets of assertions dominated the discussions: that the nuclear states had not fulfilled their obligation to negotiate measures of nuclear disarmament as specified in Article VI of the treaty; that the advanced industrial states had not fulfilled their obligations to assist and encourage the global development of peaceful uses of nuclear energy contained in both Articles IV and V of the treaty; that the attempts by the United States government to discharge its obligations under the 1978 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act by threatening to terminate fuel supply contracts to both treaty parties and non-parties, unless they accepted International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards on all their nuclear installations, was inequitable and improper (the same accusation was also directed at Canada); and that the major danger of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East and Africa originated in the threats posed to the states in these regions by the regimes in Israel and South Africa. One issue on which there did appear to be agreement, however, was that the safeguards regime foreshadowed by Article III of the treaty had functioned satisfactorily, in that no Feaches of it had been reported to the Review Conference by the IAEA. Yet the differing interpretations of the balance of rights and obligations contained in the treaty masks a much deeper set of issues: what precisely is the problem of nuclear proliferation, to what extent is the predominant diplomatic rhetoric of nuclear non-proliferation discussions unrepresentative of the real concerns and interests of the participants, what was and is the relationship between nuclear weapons and nuclear power, and does the NPT itself address (or was it ever intended to address) the problem of nuclear proliferation in the form in which it seems likely to be encountered in the 1980s?

scholarly journals Willful Blindness: Franco-American Relations and the Escalation of the Vietnam War

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Bergeron-Boutin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
American President ◽  
Willful Blindness ◽  
States Government ◽  
The Vietnam War

The long and stable Franco-American diplomatic rapport was undermined throughout the American escalation of the Vietnam War. This paper specifically examines French President Charles de Gaulle’s increasing discontent at his ally’s involvement in Southeast Asia and analyzes the decisions of successive American presidents to ignore him. Beginning in 1961, with the inauguration of American President John F. Kennedy, the paper proceeds chronologically to 1964, by which point transatlantic relations had worsened considerably as a result of de Gaulle’s growing confrontation of the Indochina question. Using archival diplomatic documents from both countries, this paper seeks to explain why the United States government refused to comply with De Gaulle’s requests. This papers makes two main conclusions: American policy makers were willfully blind to their ally’s suggestions and the French proposal for the neutralization of Vietnam was not realistic. These findings are supported by various policy decisions made leading up to the war, relying heavily on primary sources to demonstrate the failings of both the French proposal and the American willingness to consider the perspective of a crucial ally.

scholarly journals Between Prohibitionism and Religious Freedom: The Legal Disputes Concerning an Ayahuasca Church and the United States Government

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-478
Author(s):  
Henrique Fernandes Antunes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Drug Enforcement ◽  
Controlled Substances ◽  
States Government ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Drug Enforcement Agency ◽  
The U.S

This article focuses on the legal disputes between the U.S. government and the Centro Espírita Beneficente União do Vegetal (UDV), as well as on the regulation of the religious use of ayahuasca by the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA). Our aim is to present the main issues that were at stake throughout the dispute, especially the relationship between the limits of religious freedom when associated with the use of controlled substances.

scholarly journals Typical “Separation” Actions in United States President Donald Trump’s term Under Constitutional law Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Quang Huy ◽  
Pham Ngoc Lam Giang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Government ◽  
National Public Radio ◽  
American Government ◽  
Public Radio ◽  
American President ◽  
States Government ◽  
The U.S

The article analyzes some typical “separation “activities of the United States government at the beginning of the presidency of Donald Trump. Hence, the authors comment how the United States governments work nowadays in “separation” theory under constitutional law perspective. Keywords: United States, government, separation.   References: [1] Montesquieu (1996), Tinh thần pháp luật, Nhà xuất bản Giáo dục, Hà Nội.[2] Bộ Ngoại giao Hoa Kỳ, Chương trình thông tin Quốc tế (J W. Peltason biên tập, chú thích), 2004, About America: The Constitution of the United States of America with Explanatory Notes (Nước Mỹ: Hiến pháp Hợp chủng quốc Hoa Kỳ và chú thích), tr 59.[3] The U.S Congress, “Our American Government” 2003 Edition. House Congress Resolution 221 of The U.S Congress 108th, June 20, 2003 https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CDOC-108hdoc94/pdf/CDOC-108hdoc94.pdf, truy cập ngày 30/3/2020.[4] “Who Is Judge James L. Robart And Why Did He Block Trump's Immigration Order?”, National Public Radio 04/02/2017, https://www.npr.org/2017/02/04/513446463/who-is-judge-james-l-robart-and-why-did-he-block-trumps-immigration-order, truy cập ngày 30/3/2020. [5] Wang, Amy B. “Trump asked for a 'Muslim ban', Giuliani says — and ordered a commission to do it 'legally”. The Washington Post 30/01/2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/01/29/trump-asked-for-a-muslim-ban-giuliani-says-and-ordered-a-commission-to-do-it-legally/ truy cập ngày 30/3/2020.[6] Selena Simmons Duffin, “Trump Is Trying Hard To Thwart Obamacare. How's That Going?”, National Public Radio 30/3/2020, https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/10/14/768731628/trump-is-trying-hard-to-thwart-obamacare-hows-that-going, truy cập ngày 30/3/2020.[7] Edwin C. Kisiel III, The Electoral College: Federalism and the Election of the American President, A Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation in the Honors Program Liberty University, 2008 Spring, downloaded from http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=honors truy cập ngày 30/3/2020, pp 16.

scholarly journals Assessing Student Learning Outcomes in United States Government Courses

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (01) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Champney ◽  
Paul Edleman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Science Majors ◽  
Student Knowledge ◽  
States Government ◽  
Current Events ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractThis study employs the Solomon Four-Group Design to measure student knowledge of the United States government and student knowledge of current events at the beginning of a U.S. government course and at the end. In both areas, knowledge improves significantly. Regarding knowledge of the U.S. government, both males and females improve at similar rates, those with higher and lower GPAs improve at similar rates, and political science majors improve at similar rates to non-majors. Regarding current events, males and females improve at similar rates. However, those with higher GPAs and political science majors improve more than others.

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