Metaphor on Parents of North Korean Female Refugees:  Focus on Their Initial Settlement Period in the Hanawon

AbstractRecent excavations at Tula Chico, the monumental center for Tula's earliest settlement, revealed a long and complex history of occupation, beginning with its initial settlement in the Middle Classic period by Coyotlatelco peoples, when much of the region was under Teotihuacan's direct control. During the Epiclassic period, a program of monumental construction began that developed the monumental complex seen today over a period of about 200 years. Although Tula Chico was superseded by Tula Grande, the monumental center for the Early Postclassic city, it continued to be occupied and maintained until its destruction by fire. Tula Chico and Tula Grande show evidence of clear cultural continuity in ceramics, architecture, and sculpture, including “Toltec style” sculpture characteristic of Tula Grande that is present in temporally early contexts at Tula Chico.

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Settlement Period and Function of Long-Term Territory in Tropical Mangrove Passerines

The Condor ◽

10.2307/1368798 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 94 (1) ◽

pp. 83-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Gaetan Lefebvre ◽

Brigitte Poulin ◽

Raymond McNeil

Keyword(s):

Settlement Period ◽

And Function

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Closure to “Initial Settlement of Structures on Clay”

Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division ◽

10.1061/jsfeaq.0001868 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 99 (4) ◽

pp. 343-344

Author(s):

David J. D'Appolonia ◽

Harry G. Poulos ◽

Charles C. Ladd

Keyword(s):

Initial Settlement

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The Archaeology of Vanuatu

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199925070.013.015 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Stuart Bedford ◽

Matthew Spriggs

Keyword(s):

Social Change ◽

Social Interaction ◽

Natural Hazards ◽

Late Holocene ◽

Far East ◽

Cultural Transformation ◽

Initial Settlement ◽

Colonization Patterns ◽

Human Colonization ◽

Resident Populations

The more than 1,000-kilometer stretch of eighty-two inhabited islands comprising the Vanuatu archipelago is centrally situated in the southwest Pacific. These islands were first settled in the late Holocene by Lapita colonists as part of a rapid migratory event that travelled as far east as Tonga. Over three millennia Vanuatu has transformed into an extraordinarily diverse country both linguistically and culturally. The challenge to archaeology is to explain how such diversity has arisen. This chapter addresses a range of themes that are central to the definition and understanding of the timing and nature of initial settlement, levels of interconnectedness, cultural transformation and diversification, human impact on pristine environments, and impacts of natural hazards on resident populations. Vanuatu research contributes to regional debates on human colonization, patterns of social interaction, and the drivers of social change in island contexts.

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A Paleoenvironmental and Archaeological Model-Based Age Estimate for the Colonization of Hawai’l

American Antiquity ◽

10.7183/0002-7316.79.1.144 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 144-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

J. Stephen Athens ◽

Timothy M. Rieth ◽

Thomas S. Dye

Keyword(s):

Bayesian Model ◽

Depositional Model ◽

Considerable Variability ◽

Human Settlement ◽

Posterior Density ◽

Density Region ◽

Radiocarbon Dates ◽

The Core ◽

Initial Settlement ◽

Highest Posterior Density

AbstractRecent estimates of when Hawai’i was colonized by Polynesians display considerable variability, with dates ranging from about A.D. 800 to 1250. Using high resolution paleoenvironmental coring data and a carefully defined set of archaeological radiocarbon dates, a Bayesian model for initial settlement was constructed. The pollen and charcoal assemblages of the core record made it possible to identify and date the prehuman period and also the start of human settlement using a simple depositional model. The archaeological and paleoenvironmental estimates of the colonization date show a striking convergence, indicating that initial settlement occurred at A.D. 940–1130 at a 95 percent highest posterior density region (HPD), and most probably between A.D. 1000 to 1100, using a 67 percent HPD. This analysis highlights problems that may occur when paleoenvironmental core chronologies are based on bulk soil dates. Further research on the dating of the bones ofRattus exulans, a Polynesian introduction, may refine the dating model, as would archaeological investigations focused on potential early site locations.

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Beyond Professionalization

Promoting Democracy ◽

10.18574/nyu/9781479811380.003.0005 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 124-170

Author(s):

Manal A. Jamal

Keyword(s):

Civil Society ◽

El Salvador ◽

Detailed Examination ◽

Democracy Promotion ◽

Settlement Period ◽

Palestinian Territories ◽

Funding Program ◽

Foreign Donor

This chapter examines foreign donor assistance to the Palestinian territories and El Salvador in the post settlement period. It begins with an overview of funding patterns and discusses how the respective political settlements shaped different donor priorities in each case. It then provides more detailed examination of USAID funding program priorities, funding to civil society and democracy promotion, and funding to the women’s sector in each case.

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