scholarly journals The tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer metastases: opportunities in cancer immunotherapy

Immunotherapy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 1083-1100
Author(s):  
Yasmin Kamal ◽  
Stephanie L Schmit ◽  
Hildreth Robert Frost ◽  
Christopher I Amos
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Cancer Metastases ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Metastases

About a fifth of individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC) present with disease metastasis at the time of diagnosis. While the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in governing CRC progression is undeniable, the role of the TME in either establishing or suppressing the formation of distant metastases of CRC is less well established. Despite advances in immunotherapy, many individuals with metastatic CRC do not respond to standard-of-care therapy. Therefore, understanding the role of the TME in establishing distant metastases is essential for developing new immunological agents. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the TME of CRC metastases, describe differences between the TME of primary tumors and their distant metastases, and discuss advances in the design and combinations of immunotherapeutic agents.

The role of liver resection for colorectal cancer metastases in an era of multimodality treatment: A systematic review

Surgery ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 860-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Quan ◽  
Steven Gallinger ◽  
Cindy Nhan ◽  
Rebecca A. Auer ◽  
James J. Biagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Liver Resection ◽  
Multimodality Treatment ◽  
Cancer Metastases ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Metastases

Role of intra-arterial hepatic chemotherapy in the treatment of colorectal cancer metastases

2010 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 988-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Peter Kingham ◽  
Michael D'Angelica ◽  
Nancy E. Kemeny
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Metastases ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Metastases

The role of FDG PET/CT in patients with colorectal cancer metastases

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 235-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Kochhar ◽  
Sue Liong ◽  
Prakash Manoharan
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Cancer Metastases ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Metastases ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Role of hepatectomy in treating multiple bilobar colorectal cancer metastases

Surgery ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuniya Tanaka ◽  
Hiroshi Shimada ◽  
Michio Ueda ◽  
Kenichi Matsuo ◽  
Itaru Endo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Metastases ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Metastases

Eight years after introducing liver resection at the Oncology Institute of Vojvodina

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Ivan Majdevac ◽  
Nikola Budisin ◽  
Milan Ranisavljevic ◽  
Dejan Lukic ◽  
Imre Lovas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Liver Resection ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Chemotherapy Treatment ◽  
Primary Liver Tumors ◽  
Cancer Metastases ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Metastases ◽  
Medical Histories

Background: Hepatectomies are mostly performed for the treatment of hepatic benign or malignant neoplasms, intrahepatic gallstones, or parasitic cysts of the liver. The most common malignant neoplasms of the liver are metastases from colorectal cancer. Anatomic liver resection involves two or more hepatic segments, while non-anatomic liver resection involves resection of the metastases with a margin of uninvolved tissue. The aim of this manuscript was to show results of hepatectomies performed at the Oncology Institute of Vojvodina. Methods: We performed 133 liver resections from January 1997 to December 2013. Clinical and histopathological data were obtained from operative protocols, histopathological reports, and patients? medical histories. Results: We did 80 metastasectomies, 51 segmentectomies, and 18 radiofrequent ablations (RFA). Average number of colorectal cancer metastases was 1.67 per patient. We also made 10 left hepatectomies. In all cases, we made non-anatomic resections. Conclusion: Decision about anatomic versus non-anatomic resections for colorectal metastasis and primary liver tumors should be made before surgical exploration. Preservation of liver parenchyma is important with respect to liver failure and postoperative chemotherapy treatment.

scholarly journals Update on the role of pembrolizumab in patients with unresectable or metastatic colorectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 175628482110244
Author(s):  
Vanessa Wookey ◽  
Axel Grothey
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Multiple Cancer ◽  
Multiple Treatment

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer type in both men and women in the USA. Most patients with CRC are diagnosed as local or regional disease. However, the survival rate for those diagnosed with metastatic disease remains disappointing, despite multiple treatment options. Cancer therapies for patients with unresectable or metastatic CRC are increasingly being driven by particular biomarkers. The development of various immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized cancer therapy over the last decade by harnessing the immune system in the treatment of cancer, and the role of immunotherapy continues to expand and evolve. Pembrolizumab is an anti-programmed cell death protein 1 immune checkpoint inhibitor and has become an essential part of the standard of care in the treatment regimens for multiple cancer types. This paper reviews the increasing evidence supporting and defining the role of pembrolizumab in the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic CRC.

scholarly journals Transarterial Radioembolization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Liver-Dominant Hepatic Colorectal Cancer Metastases, and Cholangiocarcinoma Using Yttrium90 Microspheres: Eight-Year Single-Center Real-Life Experience

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Julie Pellegrinelli ◽  
Olivier Chevallier ◽  
Sylvain Manfredi ◽  
Inna Dygai-Cochet ◽  
Claire Tabouret-Viaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Transarterial Radioembolization ◽  
Cancer Metastases ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Metastases

Liver tumors are common and may be unamenable to surgery or ablative treatments. Consequently, other treatments have been devised. To assess the safety and efficacy of transarterial radioembolization (TARE) with Yttrium-90 for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver-dominant hepatic colorectal cancer metastases (mCRC), and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), performed according to current recommendations, we conducted a single-center retrospective study in 70 patients treated with TARE (HCC, n = 44; mCRC, n = 20; CCA, n = 6). Safety and toxicity were assessed using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria. Treatment response was evaluated every 3 months on imaging studies using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) or mRECIST criteria. Overall survival and progression-free survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The median delivered dose was 1.6 GBq, with SIR-Spheres® or TheraSphere® microspheres. TARE-related grade 3 adverse events affected 17.1% of patients. Median follow-up was 32.1 months. Median progression-free survival was 5.6 months and median overall time from TARE to death was 16.1 months and was significantly shorter in men. Progression-free survival was significantly longer in women (HR, 0.49; 95%CI, 0.26–0.90; p = 0.031). Risk of death or progression increased with the number of systemic chemotherapy lines. TARE can be safe and effective in patients with intermediate- or advanced-stage HCC, CCA, or mCRC refractory or intolerant to appropriate treatments.

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