Overview of IoT and Blockchain Technology in Smart Agriculture

The digital breach between applications of IoT and agriculture decaying from the last few years. As we know nowadays the latest technologies such as Blockchain technology etc. are blooming. And the combination of IoT and these blooming technologies will allow in improvisation of productivity through the sustainable cultivation of food, efficient use of water, food security, food chain supply, transactions efficiency, transparency of food safety, e.t.c. Thus, in this paper, applications of “ IoT” in agriculture have been analyzed and studied, also this paper concisely introduced the technology IoT, agriculture sector, benefits of IoT in agriculture, and presents a review of some literature. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate the ongoing studies and research on smart agriculture using the recent combination of IoT, Blockchain Technologies to fix a variety of agriculture’s problems.

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Beyond Food Security: Challenges in Food Safety Policies and Governance along a Heterogeneous Agri-Food Chain and Its Effects on Health Measures and Sustainable Development in Mexico

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10124755 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 4755 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yesica Mayett-Moreno ◽

Juan López Oglesby

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Food Security ◽

Food Safety ◽

Food Chain ◽

Financial Stability ◽

Secondary Data ◽

High Income ◽

Exploratory Research ◽

Domestic Markets ◽

Food Policies

This work describes the relevance of food policies and governance to reach food safety issues along a heterogeneous food chain, in the context of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) food security definition. Using personal interviews with agents in the food chain, and secondary data from 2014–2018, this exploratory research demonstrated that: (a) Mexican food policies regarding food safety are oriented to the exports markets and/or high income producers-consumers; (b) this has split the agri-food chain in two: one serving international and/or high income consumers, and another serving domestic markets; (c) the agri-food chain that serves domestic markets experiences regulatory budget shortfalls, lacks coordination in food regulations across its agents, and brings about alternate informal markets that put peoples’ health and financial stability at risk, especially those lower-income consumers. Only 0.7% of producers, 12.5% of supermarkets and 42.8% of restaurants have some type of food safety certifications. This is worsened by the way public resources have been distributed, focused, prioritized, and planned. If the differences between big, medium and small producers continue to increase, it will increase regional and individual inequality, leading to two different countries: one developed and one developing, challenging its sustainable development.

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FOOD SAFETY IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN USING BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum - Oeconomia ◽

10.22630/aspe.2019.18.4.43 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 41-48

Author(s):

Sławomir Jarka

Keyword(s):

Big Data ◽

Supply Chain ◽

Food Safety ◽

Food Chain ◽

Food Production ◽

Added Value ◽

Food Supply Chain ◽

Chain Management ◽

Blockchain Technology ◽

Food Production System

The purpose of the article is to determine the importance of blockchain technology in food supply chain management. A practical reference to the adopted research aim was to indicate the usefulness of blockchain technology to build trust between food chain stakeholders. Research shows that the properties of blockchain technology can enable it to solve many problems and shortcomings of the current food production system. Its added value is primarily a significant increase in transparency of operations among all stakeholders using big data in all parts of the food chain.

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Beyond Food Security: Challenges in Food Safety Policies Based on International Certifications along a Heterogeneous Food Chain. Its Effects in Mexican´s Health and Poverty

10.20944/preprints201810.0336.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Yesica Mayett-Moreno ◽

Jennie Sheerin Popp ◽

Philip Crandall

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Safety ◽

Food Chain ◽

Low Income ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Federal Budget ◽

Well Being ◽

Structural Heterogeneity ◽

Development Goals ◽

Safe Food

Taking four of the United Nations Development Goals as reference, this overview describes the need to see from a systemic perspective, the food certifications programs along the food chain in Mexico as today food certifications are voluntary. Using secondary data, the main objectives were: a) there is a fall short in food safety policies and those federal agencies responsible for food safety, to guarantee safe food along the whole domestic food chain, especially in that for low income players; b) the amount of the Mexican Federal Budget Expenses devoted to safety food issues is really low, considering the health, well- being, and food security consequences; and c) due the structural heterogeneity of the Mexican food market, there is a lack of coordination in food regulations along all agents of the food supply chain, bringing to alternate informal markets that put at risk peoples´ health, increasing poverty and inequalities. According to this exercise, only 0.7- 8.7% of producers, 12.5% of supermarkets as well as 42.8% of restaurants would have some type of certifications. Public policies must attend this issue in order to improve food safety and security for the whole population, reducing inequalities, poverty and ensuring them a healthy live.

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Food and Earth Systems: Priorities for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation for Agriculture and Food Systems

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11051372 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1372 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Ana Loboguerrero ◽

Bruce Campbell ◽

Peter Cooper ◽

James Hansen ◽

Todd Rosenstock ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Food Security ◽

Climate Change Adaptation ◽

Food Systems ◽

Production Efficiency ◽

Agriculture Sector ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Development Goals ◽

Smart Agriculture ◽

Adaptation And Mitigation

Human activities and their relation with land, through agriculture and forestry, are significantly impacting Earth system functioning. Specifically, agriculture has increasingly become a key sector for adaptation and mitigation initiatives that address climate change and help ensure food security for a growing global population. Climate change and agricultural outcomes influence our ability to reach targets for at least seven of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. By 2015, 103 nations had committed themselves to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, while 102 countries had prioritized agriculture in their adaptation agenda. Adaptation and mitigation actions within agriculture still receive insufficient support across scales, from local to international level. This paper reviews a series of climate change adaptation and mitigation options that can support increased production, production efficiency and greater food security for 9 billion people by 2050. Climate-smart agriculture can help foster synergies between productivity, adaptation, and mitigation, although trade-offs may be equally apparent. This study highlights the importance of identifying and exploiting those synergies in the context of Nationally Determined Contributions. Finally, the paper points out that keeping global warming to 2 °C above pre-industrial levels by 2100 requires going beyond the agriculture sector and exploring possibilities with respect to reduced emissions from deforestation, food loss, and waste, as well as from rethinking human diets.

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