Reclamation of Abandoned Mine Soil: A Review on Properties and Remediation Techniques

Abstract: The environment which is a part of ecosystem is being polluted due to urbanization, rapid industrialization increased demands for resources in our day to day lives have left no resources untouched. Various anthropogenic activities such as mining and milling operations, which include grinding, screening, concentrating ores and removal of tailings, disposal of mine and mill waste water release toxic metals into the natural environment affecting the lithosphere. Reclamation is the process of restoring the environmental soundness of these distressed mine lands. It consists of governing all kinds of physical, chemical and biological inconvenience of land area or soil such as fertility, pH, microbial activities and different soil nutrient cycles that make the destructed land soil fertile. The main aim of the reclamation is to bring back the fertility of soil by increasing its N, P, K values and Carbon contents. There are various remediation technologies available for removal of heavy metal from contaminated mine soil, in this paper we have discussed in-situ remediation, physical remediation, chemical remediation and biological remediation technologies which are implemented across the globe.

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CONSERVATION OF RARE SPECIES PLANTS AND LICHENS IN SITU WITH PLANNED ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES: BASIC APPROACHES AND IMPLEMENTATION PRINCIPLES

Engineering survey ◽

10.25296/1997-8650-2018-12-7-8-38-45 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (7-8) ◽

pp. 38-45

Author(s):

A. N. EFREMOV ◽

N. V. PLIKINA ◽

T. ABELI

Keyword(s):

Rare Species ◽

Technology Implementation ◽

Technology Development ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Local Population ◽

Main Stage ◽

Social Risks

Rare species are most vulnerable to man-made impacts, due to their biological characteristics or natural resource management. As a rule, the economic impact is associated with the destruction and damage of individual organisms, the destruction or alienation of habitats. Unfortunately, the conservation of habitat integrity is an important protection strategy, which is not always achievable in the implementation of industrial and infrastructural projects. The aim of the publication is to summarize the experience in the field of protection of rare species in the natural habitat (in situ), to evaluate and analyze the possibility of using existing methods in design and survey activities. In this regard, the main methodological approaches to the protection of rare species in the natural habitat (in situ) during the proposed economic activity were reflected. The algorithm suggested by the authors for implementing the in situ project should include a preparatory stage (initial data collection, preliminary risk assessments, technology development, obtaining permitting documentation), the main stage, the content of which is determined by the selected technology and a long monitoring stage, which makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of the taken measures. Among the main risks of in situ technology implementation, the following can be noted: the limited resources of the population that do not allow for the implementation of the procedure without prior reproduction of individuals in situ (in vitro); limited knowledge of the biology of the species; the possibility of invasion; the possibility of crossing for closely related species that сo-exist in the same habitat; social risks and consequences, target species or population may be important for the local population; financial risks during the recovery of the population. The available experience makes it possible to consider the approach to the conservation of rare species in situ as the best available technology that contributes to reducing negative environmental risks.

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