Power tiller operated relay seeder as a possible solution for the late sowing of wheat crop

Background: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) an important self-pollinated and hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42) cereal crop belongs to the grass family Gramineae (Poaceae). With the gradual increase in human population, there is a substantial increase in the demands for food requirements. Hence, increasing the wheat production is an important goal to overcome the demand of food. The only alternative is to increase productivity by better crop management techniques and introduction of high yielding varieties. The current study aimed to study the genetic diversity in wheat genotypes for further selection and utilization in breeding programmes and identification of transgressive segregants for genetic improvement in wheat crop. Methods: In the field investigation during 2017-2019, forty genotypes were evaluated at research farm of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Kisan P.G. College, Simbhaoli, Hapur (U.P). The observations were recorded on five randomly selected competitive plants from each genotype in each replication and recorded data from each replication was subjected to statistical analysis. Result: Significant differences were observed for all the characters studied in both environments (early and late). Highest GCV and PCV were recorded for flag leaf area, number of tillers per plant and grain yield in both environments. Plant height, days to 50% heading and grain yield in early sowing and for plant height, gluten content and grain yield exhibited high heritability estimates in late sowing. Biological yield and harvest index showed positive and significant association with grain yield under both environments. Biological yield and harvest index have positive and direct effect on grain yield in both environments. Forty genotypes were grouped into seven clusters in early sowing and six clusters in late sowing. Maximum inter cluster distance was observed between clusters VI and IV in early sowing and between cluster III and II in Late sowing. Genotypes PBW-34 showed wide genetic diversity in both the environments (early and late sowing). Based on the divergence studies it is suggested that maximum heterosis and good recombinants could be obtained in crosses between the genotypes of clusters which showed highest inter cluster distance and these genotypes can be utilized in crop improvement programmes.

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Influence of Sowing Dates and Varieties on the Biological Yield of Wheat Crop (Triticum aestivum L.)

Asian Plant Research Journal ◽

10.9734/aprj/2021/v8i130165 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 9-15

Author(s):

Sediq Omar Roshan ◽

Rahmatullah Hashimi ◽

Ghulam Habib Noori

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

The Other ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Lower Yield ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Biological Yield ◽

Selection Of ◽

Late Sowing

A field experiment was carried out in Dar-ul-Aman Research Farm, Kabul Afghanistan in 2017, to study the influence of sowing dates and varieties on the biological yield of wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was laid out in RCBD with a split-plot arrangement having three replications. Wheat was sown in different sowing dates i.e., October 24th, November 2nd, 12th, and 22nd in main plots, whereas five wheat varieties (Chounth # 1-2010, Moqawim-09, Shisham Bagh-08, Dar-ul-Aman-07 and Solh 2002) were in sub plots. November 2nd planted wheat had a highest biological yield of (6642.1 kg ha-1) followed by October 24th and November 12th which gave (6576.5) and (5711.0 kg ha-1) respectively. The lowest biological yield of (2975.1 kg ha-1) was given by the wheat varieties sown on November 22nd. Among the all-wheat varieties, Solh 2002, had significantly higher biological yield of (6263.7 kg ha-1) followed by Shisham Bagh-08 with biological yield of (5571.8 kg ha-1). However, Moqawim-09 had lowest biological yield of (4976.8 kg ha-1) compare to other varieties. While, evaluating performance of different wheat varieties on different sowing dates, Solh 2002, resulted in maximum biological yield (7476.2 kg ha-1) on November 2nd followed by Dar-ul-Aman-07 (6933.3 kg ha-1) and Shisham Bagh-08 (6860.0 kg ha-1) on November 2nd and October 24th respectively. On the other hand, Dar-ul-Aman-07 had lowest biological yield among the varieties (2015.5 kg ha-1) on November 22nd, it shows that, Dar-ul-Aman-07 had highest biological yield on early planting but lower yield on late sowing dates. The study shows that delay in wheat planting or selection of other varieties rather than Solh 2002 and Dar-ul-Aman-07 reduces the biological yield of the crop.

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