Analysis of condylar volume in relation to craniofacial morphology using cone beam computed tomography

Objectives This study aimed at comparing the size and shape of mandibular condyle in mature adult population with different skeletalpatterns.Methods A total of 198 patients within the age range of 15–64 years, including 68 males and 130 females, were allocated into three groupsbased on the ANB angle: skeletal classes I (n = 65), II (n = 69), and III (n = 64). The cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used toevaluate right and left temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in each patient. TMJ evaluation was comprised of size of condyle, area of condyle,and morphology index. The Mimics software was used to calculate the size and area of the condyle. The size, area, and morphology indexwere compared between the study groups using parametric tests.Results Based on the results of paired t-test, there was a significant difference between the sizes of right and left condyles, in favor of theright condyle (P = 0.02). In addition, the mean size of the condyle in class III subjects was higher than those of classes I and II; however, thedifference between the classes I and II was insignificant. The size and area of condyle were higher in males compared with females.Conclusion Based on the results of this study, there might be a correlation between the facial skeletal morphology and area of condyle.

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Evaluation of mandibular volume classified by vertical skeletal dimensions with cone-beam computed tomography

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/103015-732.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 86 (6) ◽

pp. 949-954 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Takatoshi Nakawaki ◽

Tetsutaro Yamaguchi ◽

Daisuke Tomita ◽

Yu Hikita ◽

Mohamed Adel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Class Iii ◽

Tomographic Images ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Detailed Assessment ◽

Lateral Cephalometry

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the relationship between anteroposterior and vertical differences in maxillofacial morphology and mandibular volume. Materials and Methods: Subjects comprised 213 Japanese adults (84 males and 129 females) who were divided into three groups based on mandibular basal arch (ANB) and Wits, measured in a cephalometric analysis: Class I (−1° ≤ ANB < 4°,−1 mm ≤ Wits < 0 mm), Class II (ANB ≥ 4°, Wits ≥ 0), and Class III (ANB <−1°, Wits <−1 mm). Subjects were also divided into three groups based on the mandibular plane angle (Mp), as follows: hypodivergent (Mp < 23°), normodivergent (Mp = 23–30°), and hyperdivergent (Mp > 30°) groups. Mandibular volume was measured from cone-beam computed tomographic images that were analyzed using Analyze™ image processing software and compared among the three groups in each classification. Results: No significant differences were noted in mandibular volume among Classes I, II, and III. An inverse relationship was found between mandibular volume and Mp, and a significant difference was noted in mandibular volume between the hypodivergent and hyperdivergent groups. Conclusions: In addition to two-dimensional analysis, such as lateral cephalometry, three-dimensional information such as volume, provided by cone-beam computed tomography, contributes to a more detailed assessment of maxillofacial morphology.

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Palatal bone thickness at the implantation area of maxillary skeletal expander in adult patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion: a cone-beam computed tomography study

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01489-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Weiting Chen ◽

Kaili Zhang ◽

Dongxu Liu

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Adult Patients ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Bone Thickness ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Palatal Bone

Abstract Background Maxillary skeletal expanders (MSE) is effective for the treatment of maxillary transverse deformity. The purpose of the study was to analyse the palatal bone thickness in the of MSE implantation in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion. Methods A total of 80 adult patients (40 males, 40 females) with an average angle before treatment were divided into two groups, the skeletal class III malocclusion group and the skeletal I malocclusion group, based on sagittal facial type. Each group consisted of 40 patients, with a male to female ratio of 1:1. A cone-beam computed tomography scanner was employed to obtain DICOM data for all patients. The palatal bone thickness was measured at 45 sites with MIMICS 21.0 software, and SPSS 22.0 software was employed for statistical analysis. The bone thickness at different regions of the palate in the same group was analysed with one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Fisher’s least significant difference-t method was used for the comparison of pairs, and independent sample t test was employed to determine the significance of differences in the bone thickness at the same sites between the two groups. Results Palatal bone thickness was greater in the middle region of the midline area (P < 0.01), while the thickness in the middle and lateral areas in both groups was generally lower (P < 0.001). The bone in the anterior, middle, and posterior regions of the two groups became increasingly thin from the middle area toward the parapalatine region. The palatal bone was significantly thinner in the area 9.0 mm before the transverse palatine suture in the midline area, 9.0 mm before and after the transverse palatine suture in the middle area, and 9.0 mm after the transverse palatine suture in the lateral area. Conclusion The palatal bone was thinner in patients with class III malocclusion than in patients with class I malocclusion, with significant differences in some areas. The differences in bone thickness should be considered when MSE miniscrews are implanted. The anterior and middle palatal areas are safer for the implantation of miniscrews, while the thinness of the posterior palatal bone increases the risk of the miniscrews falling off and perforating.

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Evaluation of horizontal condylar angle in malocclusions with mandibular lateral displacement using cone-beam computed tomography

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/012621-76.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Roberto L. Velásquez ◽

Jorge C. Coro ◽

José M. Bustillo ◽

Sadao Sato

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Lateral Displacement ◽

Class Ii ◽

Contralateral Side ◽

Class I ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Class Iii ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the horizontal condylar angle (HCA) in mandibular lateral displacement (MLD). Materials and Method s: HCA in MLD malocclusions were examined using cone-beam computed tomography data in subjects with MLD and control subjects. Results HCA in joints of control patients and contralateral side joints of MLD patients were not significantly different. The mean HCA on the shifted side was larger than on the contralateral side (P < .001) in the different HCA groups. HCA was significantly larger on the shifted side than on the contralateral side in skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III groups (P < .001). Conclusions (1) There was no statistically significant difference between HCA in control patients and on the contralateral side in MLD patients. (2) HCA was significantly larger on the shifted side than on the contralateral side. (3) HCA on the shifted side and the contralateral side in MLD Class I, Class II, and Class III are significantly different.

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Facial Flatness Indices: A Comparison of Two Methods of Assessment

Journal of Clinical Imaging Science ◽

10.25259/jcis_66_2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 68

Author(s):

Chimène Chalala ◽

Maria Saadeh ◽

Fouad Ayoub

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Class Iii ◽

Direct Measurements ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Males And Females ◽

Trigonometric Formula

Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare facial flatness indices calculated from the trigonometric formula as opposed to those generated from the direct measurements on three-dimensional radiographs. Material and Methods: A total of 322 cone-beam computed tomography radiographs were digitized and three facial indices (frontal, simotic, and zygomaxillary) were assessed in two different methods and compared between different groups. Results: There was a discrepancy between facial flatness indices generated from the two different approaches. The highest difference was seen in the findings of the simotic index and the lowest for the zygomaxillary index. No statistically significant difference was displayed in the three formula-generated flatness indices between males and females and between growing and non-growing subjects (P > 0.05). The zygomaxillary index was the only measurement revealing no statistically significant difference in Class III sagittal malocclusions (t = −0.5 P = 0.621). The orthodontic application would yield to the same interpretations for both ways of indices calculation. Conclusion: The validity of the trigonometric formula used to appraise facial flatness indices might be questionable. The zygomaxillary index could be more clinically considered compared to the frontal and simotic indices.

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Cone beam computed tomography analysis in 3D position of maxillary denture

Open Medicine ◽

10.1515/med-2017-0049 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 340-346

Author(s):

Ying Jia ◽

Hua Yang ◽

Ping Li ◽

Jiangyan Xiong ◽

Bo Chen

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Class Iii ◽

Posterior Teeth ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Normal Occlusion ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Torque Angle

AbstractThe dynamic correlation between teeth and denture morphology as well as the morphological positions needs to be explored.Methodology63 adult patients with skeletal class III malocclusions that met the inclusion criteria were enrolled and imaged with Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), and Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) data were collected. The torque angle and axial inclination were measured and analyzed for the corona, root, and entire body of every tooth on the maxilla.ResultsThere is a statistically significant difference between the coronal axial inclination/coronal torque angle for the skeletal class III malocclusion cases and Andrew’s six keys of occlusion. On the sagittal plane of the maxillary denture (except that the secondary molar is inclined medial-distally), the remaining teeth are inclined towards the labia with slightly larger angles compared to the normal occlusion. In the coronal direction, the maxillary anterior teeth tend to have a corona that inclines medial-distally, whereas the posterior teeth have a buccal inclination compared to the normal occlusion.ConclusionSagittal and transversal compensations prevail in maxillary dentures; for the camouflaged treatment design for skeletal class III, there is limited scope of sagittal and transversal movements on the maxillary denture.

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Comparison of Volumetric Dimensions of Pharyngeal Airway for Different Dentofacial Skeletal Patterns Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Folia Medica ◽

10.3897/folmed.62.e48930 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 572-577

Author(s):

Madhura Jadhav ◽

Veera Bhosale ◽

Amol Patil ◽

Siddharth Shinde

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Facial Morphology ◽

Class Iii ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Pharyngeal Airway ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Nasopharyngeal Airway ◽

The Relationship

Introduction: After a century of controversies, we are still not certain on the relationship between airway volume and facial morphology. Objective: To measure nasopharyngeal airway volume and compare it among different skeletal patterns. Materials and methods: Forty five CBCT scans of patients between sixteen to twenty five years were used in the study. The nasopharyngeal airway was divided into upper, middle and lower segments. CBCT images were grouped into skeletal class I, class II and class III. Results: There was highly significant difference in upper (p=0.001) and middle pharyngeal airway volume (p<0.001) among 3 skeletal groups. Lower pharyngeal airway volume was also statistically significant (p=0.051) among 3 groups. Total pharyngeal airway volume did not show any significant correlation. Conclusion: Nasopharyngeal airway volume seems to play a role in different skeletal patterns.

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Temporomandibular Joint Osseous Morphology of Class I and Class II Malocclusions in the Normal Skeletal Pattern: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11030541 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 541

Author(s):

Xiao-Chuan Fan ◽

Lin-Sha Ma ◽

Li Chen ◽

Diwakar Singh ◽

Xiaohui Rausch-Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Temporomandibular Joint ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Glenoid Fossa ◽

Linear Measurements ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Skeletal Pattern

(1) Background—The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osseous morphology of normal skeletal pattern individuals with different dental malocclusions by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). (2) Methods—The CBCT images of bilateral TMJs in 67 subjects with skeletal class I and average mandibular angle (26 males and 41 females, age range 20–49 years) were evaluated in this study. The subjects were divided into class I, class II division 1, and class II division 2 according to the molar relationship and retroclination of the maxillary incisors. Angular and linear measurements of TMJ were evaluated and the differences between the groups were statistically analyzed. (3) Results—Intragroup comparisons showed statistical differences for articular eminence inclination, the width of the glenoid fossa, the ratio of the width of the glenoid fossa to the depth of the glenoid fossa, the condylar angle, and the intercondylar angle between the malocclusion groups. The measurements of the glenoid fossa shape showed no significant difference between the left and right sides. Females showed more differences in the morphological parameters of TMJ between the three malocclusion groups than the males. (4) Conclusion—The present study revealed differences in the TMJ osseous morphology between dental class I and class II malocclusions in the normal skeletal pattern.

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