scholarly journals Three Misrepresentations of Logic

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Classical Logic ◽  
Formal Logic ◽  
Fallacy Theory

Three misrepresentations of informal and formal logic by two feminist writers are discussed. Andrea Nye's criticism that the semantics for formal logic abstracts from context is a misrepresentation of formal logic because Nye ignores the development of intensional logics. Second, Nye's criticism that informaIlogicians ignore the origins of arguments is a misrepresentation of fallacy theory. Prominent writers in the field specifiy numerous cases where the origins of an argument are relevant to its evaluation. Third, Valerie Plumwood's criticism that negation in classical logic rests on an exclusivistic dualism that encourages the exclusion of women is shown to be false.

scholarly journals Inconsistency Measurement for Improving Logical Formula Clustering

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakoub Salhi
Keyword(s):  
Classical Logic ◽  
Logical Consequence ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Formal Logic ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Logical Formula

Formal logic can be used as a tool for representing complex and heterogeneous data such as beliefs, knowledge and preferences. This study proposes an approach for defining clustering methods that deal with bases of propositional formulas in classical logic, i.e., methods for dividing formula bases into meaningful groups. We first use a postulate-based approach for introducing an intuitive framework for formula clustering. Then, in order to characterize interesting clustering forms, we introduce additional properties that take into consideration different notions, such us logical consequence, overlapping, and consistent partition. Finally, we describe our approach that shows how the inconsistency measures can be involved in improving the task of formula clustering. The main idea consists in using the measures for quantifying the quality of the inconsistent clusters. In this context, we propose further properties that allow characterizing interesting aspects related to the amount of inconsistency.

scholarly journals Informalizing Formal Logic

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-204
Author(s):  
Antonis Kakas
Keyword(s):  
Classical Logic ◽  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Formal Logic ◽  
Human Reasoning ◽  
Informal Reasoning ◽  
Logical Entailment

This paper presents a way in which formal logic can be understood and reformulated in terms of argumentation that can help us unify formal and informal reasoning. Classical deductive reasoning will be expressed entirely in terms of notions and concepts from argumentation so that formal logical entailment is equivalently captured via the arguments that win between those supporting concluding formulae and arguments supporting contradictory formulae. This allows us to go beyond Classical Logic and smoothly connect it with human reasoning, thus providing a uniform argumentation-based view of both informal and formal logic.

scholarly journals Formal Logic for Informal Logicians

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sherry
Keyword(s):  
Modal Logic ◽  
Classical Logic ◽  
Propositional Logic ◽  
Formal Logic ◽  
Relevance Logic ◽  
Valid Argument ◽  
Insight Into

Classical logic yields counterintuitive results for numerous propositional argument forms. The usual alternatives (modal logic, relevance logic, etc.) generate counterintuitive results of their own. The counterintuitive results create problems—especially pedagogical problems—for informal logicians who wish to use formal logic to analyze ordinary argumentation. This paper presents a system, PL– (propositional logic minus the funny business), based on the idea that paradigmatic valid argument forms arise from justificatory or explanatory discourse. PL– avoids the pedagogical difficulties without sacrificing insight into argument.

ALGEBRA OF PREDICATES AND RELATED GEOMETRIC MODELS CREATION IN REGARDS OF UNIFIED STATE EXAM IN INFORMATICS (RUSSIAN EGE)

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
E. A. Mironchik
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Model ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Formal Logic ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
Geometric Models ◽  
Complexity Problem ◽  
Logical Expression ◽  
State Examination

The article discusses the method of solving the task 18 on the Unified State Examination in Informatics (Russian EGE). The main idea of the method is to write the conditions of the problem utilizing the language of formal logic, using elementary predicates. According to the laws of logic the resulting complex logical expression would be transformed into an expression, according to which a geometric model is supposed to be constructed which allows to obtain an answer. The described algorithm does allow high complexity problem to be converted into a simple one.

¿Razonamos en función de nuestro conocimiento general? Un estudio de las interacciones entre el procesamiento de la información y la inferencia lógica

2015 ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Miguel López Astorga
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Formal Logic ◽  
Conditional Reasoning ◽  
General Knowledge

RESUMENEn este trabajo, analizamos un experimento sobre el razonamiento condicional de Staller, Sloman y Ben-Zeev (2000). En dicho experimento, los sujetos parecen manifestar un comportamiento contrario a las prescripciones de la lógica formal. Nosotros lo revisamosy descubrimos todas las variables que es preciso atender en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, variables que no siempre son consideradas por los docentes.Palabras clave: condicional, conocimiento general, inferencia, procesamiento de la información, representación mental.DO WE REASON ACCORDING TO OUR GENERALKNOWLEDGE? A STUDY ABOUT INTERACTIONSBETWEEN INFORMATION PROCESSING AND LOGICALINFERENCEABSTRACTIn this paper, I analyze an experiment about conditional reasoning presented by Staller,Sloman and Ben-Zeev (2000). In that experiment, the subjects’ behavior seems contradictory to prescriptions of formal logic. I check it and I discover all the variables that we need to deal with them in teaching and learning processes, despite that such variables are notalways checked by the teachers.Keywords: conditional, general knowledge, inference, information processing, mentalrepresentation.

New method for building ASP knowledge base from knowledge in classical logic

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 2932-2936
Author(s):  
Ling-zhong ZHAO ◽  
Xue-song WANG ◽  
Jun-yan QIAN ◽  
Guo-yong CAI
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Classical Logic ◽  
New Method

The Argument from Counterfactuals

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander R. Pruss
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Classical Logic ◽  
Divine Command

It seems that counterfactuals and many other statements are subject to semantic underdetermination. Classical logic pushes one to an epistemicist account of this underdetermination, but epistemicism seems implausible. However epistemicism can be made plausible when conjoined with a divine institution account of meaning. This gives us some reason to accept that divine institution account, and hence some reason to think that God exists. This chapter evaluates the arguments for epistemicism and divine institution, including objections, and incorporates Plantinga’s consideration of counterfactuals when it comes to theism. In particular, an analogy is drawn with divine command and natural law theories in ethics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document