scholarly journals Determination of Niclosamide and its Metabolites in Liver and Muscles of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Fingerlings

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Brankica Kartalović ◽  
Mira Pucarević ◽  
Zoran Marković ◽  
Marko Stanković ◽  
Nikolina Novakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Withdrawal Time ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

Background: Niclosamide is a medication used to treat tapeworm infestation in animals and humans. It is also lampricide and molluscicide, and can be used in in agriculture as a pesticide. In the treatment of parasitic diseases in fish, niclosamide can be used as bath or mixed with the feed. Its most important use in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is for the treatment of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, which is a very common parasite in this fish species. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of niclosamide (NIC) and its metabolite 2-chloro 4-nitro aniline (CNA) and 5-chloro salycilic acid (CSA) in the liver and muscles of common carp fingerlings.Materials, Methods & Results: The fish for the experiment were obtained from Kapetanski Rit fish pond, and were acclimated to test conditions at 20.5 ± 1°C. Common carps with an average mass of 60 ± 10 g were treated with niclosamide in concentration of 2 g/kg of feed during five consecutive days. The experiment was performed in two treatments: one control and niclosamide, in three replications.  Each group contained of 30 fish, in 120 L polyethylene tanks. At the end of the treatment, the levels of niclosamide residues were determined using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis during over 13 days. The mean values of niclosamide and CNA concentrations in the muscles ranged from 27.7 µg/kg starting from the first day to <0.5 µg/kg on the 11th day and 14.2 µg/kg from the first day to <1 µg/kg on the 9th day. The CSA metabolite in muscles were <1 µg/kg during throughout the entire study. The niclosamide concentration in the liver were found to be 51.5 (30.2-61.8) µg/kg the first day and decreased proportionally to <0.5 µg/kg on the13th day. CNA level in the liver of treated Common Carps amounted to 170.1 (157-181) µg/kg on the first day and continuously declined until the 13th day when recorded values were <1 µg/kg. The CSA concentrations in the liver reached a maximum level of 11.5 (10.1-12.8) µg/kg on the 7th day and fell to <1 µg/kg on the 13th day.Discussion: Niclosamide use in fish is questionable, primarily due to the possible toxic effects on some aquatic organisms. In Serbia, niclosamide preparation for use in aquaculture, has been produced by Veterinarski zavod Subotica since 1984 when it was registred for the first time. Niclosamid degradation mechanism showed that the metabolism of niclosamide resulted in two main metabolites CNA and CSA. Withdrawal of niclosamide and its residues in the liver and muscle in the present investigation lasted from 9 to 13 days. This decrease in residues concentrations is expected and depends primarily on several factors such as the length and concentration of drug with which the fish is treated, biotransformation, excretion and decomposition of used drug. Niclosamide and CNA were proportionally decreased during the withdrawal time, while the CSA value increased to the seventh day although the fish during this period no longer consumed food with niclosamide, after which the value then decreased until the end of its elimination. This is also not unexpected because it is known that liver and gallbladder is a major organ for collection, storage and elimination of chemical residues. Although the treated fish received 2 mg of the niclosamide per g of feed for five consecutive days results obtained in this study indicate that the maximal residues concentrations were much lower than doses of niclosamide that each fish absorbed into the body. Data obtained during this study provided information about the concentration and withdrawal times of niclosamide and its residues CNA and CSA in the liver and muscles of common carp treated orally.

scholarly journals Morphometric and Meristic Characterization of Common Carp, Cyprinus Carpio Strains Sourced from Jos, Bauchi and Ibadan, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
O O Jacob ◽  
S G Solomon ◽  
J O Cheikyula
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Meristic Characters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

The study investigated the morphometric and meristic characterization of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) sourced from Jos Bauchi and Ibadan (Nigeria). In comparing the morphometric and meristic characters one hundred and eighty (180) adult Common carp, Cyprinus carpio were used. Twenty four (24) morphometric and six (6) meristic characters were studied. Measurements of the morphometric features were taken to the nearest centimeter by means of a measuring board, measuring rule, pair of dividers for the length, while the weight was taken by means of a weighing scale (salter scale) to the nearest gram. ANOVA, multivariate technique principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis were also applied to the transformed morphometric data to; classify the fish into one or several mutually exclusive groups. The Morphometric study indicated that seven parameters did not differ significantly (p>0.05) between Jos (male and female), and Bauchi (male and Female) strains. The parameters are the body depth, caudal fin length, pectoral fin height, standard weight, pre dorsal distance, eye diameter and body weight. In the meristic count, only the dorsal fin spine did not differ significantly (p >0.05) among the Jos, Bauchi, and Ibadan strains in all sexes. The study revealed that there was a genetic distance between male and female Carp sourced from Ibadan and that of Jos and Bauchi, where as male and female Carp from Jos and Bauchi showed genetic closeness.

scholarly journals Growth Performance and Feed Efficiency Assessment of Two Groups of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Cultivated in Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-199
Author(s):  
Kadhim O.M. Al-Humairi ◽  
Riyadh A. Al-Tameemi ◽  
Sajed S. Al-Noor
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

Laboratory experiments were conducted to compare the growth performance and feed efficiency of two groups, old (H1) and new (H2) of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. (97.37+0.33 g). Fishes of the H1 introduced to Iraq in 1982 and then their reproduction and farming began on a large scale, while fishes of the H2 was introduced to Iraq in 2009 by Inmaa Agricultural Enterprises Organization. H2 group indicated significantly (p<0.05) better performance in several studied parameters which included specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein productive value (PPV), total apparent digestibility and apparent digestibility of protein and carbohydrates. This group also recorded significant (p<0.05) lower feed satiation level and fat deposited in the body compared to the old group (H1). Results of the current experiment concluded that there is a clear higher efficiency of the group H2 in most studied growth and feed efficiency parameters, which indicates the possibility of obtaining higher productivity and better economic profits when used in farming activities.

scholarly journals The biomechanics of fast-starts during ontogeny in the common carp cyprinus carpio

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (22) ◽  
pp. 3057-3067 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Wakeling ◽  
K.M. Kemp ◽  
I.A. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Power Output ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Fast Start

Common carp Cyprinus carpio L. were reared a constant temperature of 20 degrees C from the larval (7 mm total length) to the juvenile (80 mm) stage. Body morphology and white muscle mass distribution were measured. Fast-start escape responses were recorded using high-speed cinematography from which the velocities, accelerations and hydrodynamic power requirements were estimated. All three measures of fast-start performance increased during development. White muscle contraction regimes were calculated from changes in body shape during the fast-starts and used to predict the muscle force and power production for all longitudinal positions along the body. Scaling arguments predicted that increases in body length would constrain the fish to bend less rapidly because the cross-sectional muscle area, and hence force production, does not increase at the same rate as the inertial mass that resists bending. As predicted, the increases in body length resulted in decreases in muscle shortening velocity, and this coincided with increases in both the force and power produced by the muscles. The hydrodynamic efficiency, which relates the mechanical power produced by the muscles to the inertial power requirements in the direction of travel, showed no significant change during ontogeny. The increasing hydrodynamic power requirements were thus met by increases in the power available from the muscles. The majority of the increases in fast-start swimming performance during ontogeny can be explained by size-dependent increases in muscle power output. For all sizes, there was a decrease in muscle-mass-specific power output and an increase in muscle stress in a posterior direction along the body due to systematic variations in fibre strain. These changing strain regimes result in the central muscle bulk producing the majority of the power requirements during the fast-start, and this power is transmitted to the tail region of the fish and ultimately to the water via muscle in the caudal myotomes.

scholarly journals Detection and study of the experimental infection of Aeromonas strain in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-230
Author(s):  
Sundus A.A. Alsaphar
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
The Body ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Muscular Structure ◽  
Aeromonas Strain ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Necrotic Spots

The aim of this study was to isolate motile aeromonad strain of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) which was obtained from farms around Baghdad and identification of the isolate by using Analytical profile index API20E. Experimental infection was carried out by intramusculer injecting LD50 does 0.3× 108.66 cell/fish into common carp Cyprinus carpio L. Infected fish after 14 days of injection showed hemorrhage and ulceration on the body surface, eye abnormalities and accumulation of red-colored ascetic fluid . Macroscopically pale liver with hemorrhagic and necrotic spots was seen and kidney showed liquefaction. Microscopically severe necrotic changes in muscular structure and internal organs with intense polymorphonuclear cell. Infiltration characterized by of pyknosis of nuclei with presence of cellular detritus were seen.

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