scholarly journals Real-time geographic settling of a hybrid zone between the invasive winter moth (Operophtera brumata L.) and the native Bruce spanworm (O. bruceata Hulst)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Andersen ◽  
Nathan Havill ◽  
George Boettner ◽  
Jennifer Chandler ◽  
Adalgisa Caccone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Hybrid Zone ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Hybrid Zones ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Hybrid Fitness ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Bruce Spanworm

Hybridization plays an important and underappreciated role in shaping the evolutionary trajectories of species. Following the introduction of a non-native organism to a novel habitat, hybridization with a native congener may affect the probability of establishment of the introduced species. In most documented cases of hybridization between a native and a non-native species, a mosaic hybrid zone is formed, with hybridization occurring heterogeneously across the landscape. In contrast, most naturally occurring hybrid zones are clinal in structure. Here we report on a long-term microsatellite dataset that monitored hybridization between the invasive winter moth, Operophtera brumata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), and the native Bruce spanworm, O. bruceata, over a 12-year period. Our results document one of the first examples of the real-time formation and geographic settling of a clinal hybrid zone. In addition, by comparing one transect in Massachusetts where extreme winter cold temperatures have been hypothesized to restrict the distribution of winter moth, and one in coastal Connecticut, where winter temperatures are moderated by Long Island Sound, we find that the location of the hybrid zone appears to be independent of environmental variables and maintained under a tension model wherein the stability of the hybrid zone is constrained by population density, reduced hybrid fitness, and low dispersal rates. Documenting the formation of a contemporary clinal hybrid zone may provide important insights into the factors that shaped other well-established hybrid zones.

scholarly journals Real‐time geographic settling of a hybrid zone between the invasive winter moth ( Operophtera brumata L.) and the native Bruce spanworm ( O. bruceata Hulst)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy C. Andersen ◽  
Nathan P. Havill ◽  
George H. Boettner ◽  
Jennifer L. Chandler ◽  
Adalgisa Caccone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Hybrid Zone ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Bruce Spanworm

Asymmetric hybridization between non-native winter moth, Operophtera brumata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), and native Bruce spanworm, Operophtera bruceata, in the Northeastern United States, assessed with novel microsatellites and SNPs

2016 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.P. Havill ◽  
J. Elkinton ◽  
J.C. Andersen ◽  
S.B. Hagen ◽  
Hannah J. Broadley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Genetic Incompatibility ◽  
Moth Population ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Bruce Spanworm

AbstractThe European winter moth, Operophtera brumata, is a non-native pest in the Northeastern USA causing defoliation of forest trees and crops such as apples and blueberries. This species is known to hybridize with O. bruceata, the Bruce spanworm, a native species across North America, although it is not known if there are hybrid generations beyond F1. To study winter moth population genetics and hybridization with Bruce spanworm, we developed two sets of genetic markers, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and microsatellites, using genomic approaches. Both types of markers were validated using samples from the two species and their hybrids. We identified 1216 SNPs and 24 variable microsatellite loci. From them we developed a subset of 95 species-diagnostic SNPs and ten microsatellite loci that could be used for hybrid identification. We further validated the ten microsatellite loci by screening field collected samples of both species and putative hybrids. In addition to confirming the presence of F1 hybrids reported in previous studies, we found evidence for multi-generation asymmetric hybridization, as suggested by the occurrence of hybrid backcrosses with the winter month, but not with the Bruce spanworm. Laboratory crosses between winter moth females and Bruce spanworm males resulted in a higher proportion of viable eggs than the reciprocal cross, supporting this pattern. We discuss the possible roles of population demographics, sex chromosome genetic incompatibility, and bacterial symbionts as causes of this asymmetrical hybridization and the utility of the developed markers for future studies.

The Reliability of Genitalia Morphology to Monitor the Spread of the Invasive Winter Moth (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in Eastern North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1492-1498
Author(s):  
Brian P Griffin ◽  
Jennifer L Chandler ◽  
Jeremy C Andersen ◽  
Nathan P Havill ◽  
Joseph S Elkinton
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
The United States ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Type I ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Pheromone Trapping ◽  
Bruce Spanworm

Abstract Winter moth, Operophtera brumata L. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), causes widespread defoliation in both its native and introduced distributions. Invasive populations of winter moth are currently established in the United States and Canada, and pheromone-baited traps have been widely used to track its spread. Unfortunately, a native species, the Bruce spanworm, O. bruceata (Hulst), and O. bruceata × brumata hybrids respond to the same pheromone, complicating efforts to detect novel winter moth populations. Previously, differences in measurements of a part of the male genitalia called the uncus have been utilized to differentiate the species; however, the accuracy of these measurements has not been quantified using independent data. To establish morphological cutoffs and estimate the accuracy of uncus-based identifications, we compared morphological measurements and molecular identifications based on microsatellite genotyping. We find that there are significant differences in some uncus measurements, and that in general, uncus measurements have low type I error rates (i.e., the probability of having false positives for the presence of winter moth). However, uncus measurements had high type II error rates (i.e., the probability of having false negatives for the presence of winter moth). Our results show that uncus measurements can be useful for performing preliminary identifications to monitor the spread of winter moth, though for accurate monitoring, molecular methods are still required. As such, efforts to study the spread of winter moth into interior portions of North America should utilize a combination of pheromone trapping and uncus measurements, while maintaining vouchers for molecular identification.

FINAL-INSTAR LARVAE OF NATIVE PUPAL PARASITES AND HYPERPARASITES OF OPEROPHTERA SPP. (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) ON SOUTHERN VANCOUVER ISLAND

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Humble
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
The Third ◽  
Bruce Spanworm ◽  
Total Parasitism ◽  
Host Complex

AbstractThree native species of parasites and 3 hyperparasites were reared from pupae of the European winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.), and the Bruce spanworm, O. bruceata (Hulst), collected in the Victoria area of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, in 1981. Two of the pupal parasites also attacked other species of Geometridae. Two species of hyperparasites attacked Cyzenis sp., and the third parasitized ichneumonid primary parasites of Operophtera spp. The hyperparasites may have a negative impact on the biological-control agents, Cyzenis albicans (Fall.) and Agrypon flaveolatum (Grav.). Total parasitism by pupal parasites of the Operophtera host complex was about 4%. Descriptions and illustrations of cephalic structures of final-instar larvae of the parasites and a key for their separation are given.

WING COLOURATION DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE BRUCE SPANWORM OPEROPHTERA BRUCEATA (HULST) (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) AND THE WINTER MOTH OPEROPHTERA BRUMATA (L.) ON VANCOUVER ISLAND

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (7) ◽  
pp. 697-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Pivnick
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Costal Margin ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
The West ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Pheromone Trapping ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
Bruce Spanworm

In a recently completed study involving pheromone trapping of the winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.), and the Bruce spanworm, O. bruceata (Hulst), on Vancouver Island (Pivnick et al. 1988), I noticed that O. bruceata had wing colouration different from sympatric O. brumata. The west coast O. bruceata has a pale yellow-orange costal margin on the underside of the forewings and this is faint to absent in O. brumata (Fig. 1). It is also absent from O. bruceata in Saskatoon, which is interesting because some authors consider the west coast population of O. bruceata to be a separate species: the western winter moth, O. occidentalis (see Ferguson 1978; Pivnick et al. 1988). Descriptions of O. bruceata (Brown 1962) and O. brumata (Cuming 1961), and a taxonomic key to these two species (Eidt et al. 1966), do not mention any distinctive wing markings that could be used to separate the two species.

STATUS OF THE PARASITE AGRYPON FLAVEOLATUM (GRAVENHORST) (HYMENOPTERA, ICHNEUMONIDAE), INTRODUCED TO CONTROL THE WINTER MOTH IN NOVA SCOTIA AND BRITISH COLUMBIA

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Barron
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Host Parasite

AbstractAgrypon flaveolatum (Gravenhorst), introduced from Europe to control the winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.), on apple and oak in Nova Scotia and British Columbia, was distinguished from the closely related native species, A. provancheri (Dalla Torre) and A. alaskensis (Ashmead). A detailed study of the three species revealed that they could be distinguished by specific morphological characters and by results of morphometric analyses of intra- and inter-specific variation of number of annuli of the antennal flagellum. The history of introductions of both the host and parasite is reviewed, including an account of host–parasite interactions. All of the characters defining species entities were found to be correlated with differences in host insect, host plant, and distribution.

DISTINGUISHING LARVAE AND PUPAE OF THE WINTER MOTH, OPEROPHTERA BRUMATA, AND THE BRUCE SPANWORM, O. BRUCEATA (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)

1968 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 536-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Eidt ◽  
D. G. Embree
Keyword(s):  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Bruce Spanworm

AbstractLarvae of the winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.), and the Bruce spanworm, O. bruceata (Hulst), differ in the number of instars, in habits, and slightly in morphology. Populations may be distinguished readily by these criteria, but individual larvae sometimes give difficulty. The form of the pupal cremaster is distinctly different.

Distinguishing Adults of the Winter Moth Operophtera brumata (L.), and Bruce Spanworm O. bruceata (Hulst) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Eidt ◽  
D. G. Embree ◽  
C. C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Bruce Spanworm

AbstractThe winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.), and the Bruce spanworm moth, O. bruceata (Hulst), may be readily distinguished by differences in the male genitalia and the length of the vestigial wings of the female.

IMPROVED PHEROMONE TRAP EXCLUSION OF THE BRUCE SPANWORM OPEROPHTERA BRUCEATA (HULST) (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) WHEN MONITORING WINTER MOTH OPEROPHTERA BRUMATA (L.) POPULATIONS

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Pivnick ◽  
Dennis L. Barton ◽  
Jocelyn G. Millar ◽  
Edward W. Underhill
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Potent Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Bruce Spanworm

Abstract(Z,Z,Z)-1,3,6,9-Nonadecatetraene is a sex pheromone that attracts males of both the winter moth Operophtera brumata (L.) and the Bruce spanworm O. bruceata (Hulst). Tests were run to maximize the specificity of a pheromone trap for the winter moth by the addition of a previously discovered Bruce spanworm male inhibitor (BSMI), (E,Z,Z)-1,3,6,9-nonadecatetraene. Trap capture inhibition of O. bruceata would facilitate monitoring of winter moth as males of the two species are difficult to distinguish without dissection. Wind tunnel tests with O. bruceata males responding to the pheromone indicated that BSMI has a more potent inhibitory effect if males physically contact the compound. Field tests in an area where only O. bruceata was found demonstrated that pheromone-baited traps caught fewer O. bruceata with BSMI placed on the outside of the entrance holes than when it was placed on the inside of the trap, catching respectively 97 and 82% fewer males than traps baited with the pheromone alone. In an area where O. brumata predominated, BSMI, whether inside or outside the trap, did not affect O. brumata captures. However, O. brumata trap captures were reduced when BSMI was placed on rubber rings glued to the outside of the entrance holes to the traps even though control rings did not affect O. brumata captures. Evidence is presented indicating that hybridization is taking place between these two species where O. brumata has recently been introduced and that the response of the hybrids to the BSMI is intermediate between the two species.

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