scholarly journals Batch spawning in five species of minnows (Cyprinidae) from Ontario, Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-328
Author(s):  
Norman W.S. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Spawning Season ◽  
Semotilus Atromaculatus ◽  
Cyprinid Species ◽  
Rhinichthys Atratulus ◽  
Batch Spawning ◽  
Blacknose Dace ◽  
Creek Chub

Batch spawning, the act of spawning more than once within a spawning season, is assessed in six species of minnows (Cyprinidae) from Ontario, Canada. The bimodal frequency distribution of egg size in mature specimens suggests that the following species are batch spawners: Blacknose Dace (Rhinichthys atratulus), Brassy Minnow (Hybognathus hankinsoni), Common Shiner (Luxilus cornutus), Creek Chub (Semotilus atromaculatus), and Hornyhead Chub (Nocomis biguttatus). However, there is no evidence that Northern Pearl Dace (Margariscus nachtriebi) is a batch spawner. Thus, we now have evidence that 11 of 39 cyprinid species in Ontario are batch spawners. Knowledge about the reproductive habits of these species should be integrated into the comprehensive standards for the protection of fish habitat in Ontario to ensure the survival of populations.

Behavioral Response of Blacknose Dace (Rhinichthys atratulus) to Varying Densities of Predatory Creek Chub (Semotilus atromaculatus)

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas F. Fraser ◽  
Edward E. Emmons
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Semotilus Atromaculatus ◽  
Piscivorous Fish ◽  
Natural Stream ◽  
Rhinichthys Atratulus ◽  
Blacknose Dace ◽  
Creek Chub ◽  
Term Benefit

We investigated the behavioral response of juvenile blacknose dace (Rhinichthys atratulus) to varying levels of predation risk by varying the density of predatory creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) and amount of structure in compartments of an artificial field stream. When structure in predator locations was low, dace did not avoid predators during the day but did at night, responding equally regardless of predator density. When structure was increased, the strength of avoidance at night was dependent on both the amount of structure and density of predators. Predators in experimental compartments caused dace to move to other locations of the stream. By moving away from predators, dace gain a short-term benefit in avoiding predation and a long-term benefit by reducing the chance of becoming trapped in pools with piscivorous fish when water levels in a natural stream drop. However, this shift could reduce feeding if dace move to locations poor for foraging or high in density of dace.

Effect of introduced piscivores on native minnow communities in Adirondack lakes

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Scott Findlay ◽  
Daniel G Bert ◽  
Ligang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Dolomieu ◽  
Semotilus Atromaculatus ◽  
Rhinichthys Atratulus ◽  
Adirondack Lakes ◽  
Pimephales Notatus ◽  
Creek Chub

We compared the minnow assemblages of Adirondack lakes with top piscivores with those of lakes having similar physiochemical and biotic characteristics but no top piscivores using a subset of data collected from 1984 to 87 by the Adirondack Lake Survey Corporation. Native minnow richness in lakes with top piscivores was about one third that of lakes without piscivores, with piscivore assemblages dominated by introduced species such as northern pike (Esox lucius), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), and smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu). There was strong evidence that at least four minnow species, including creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus), northern redbelly dace (Phoxinus eos), blacknose dace (Rhinichthys atratulus), and common shiner (Luxilus cornutus), were less likely to occur in lakes with piscivores; for a fifth species (pearl dace (Margariscus margarita)), the evidence is suggestive but not as strong. Of 13 minnow species, only for two nonnative species (bluntnose minnow (Pimephales notatus) and golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas)) was there strong evidence that their occurrence was unaffected by the presence of introduced piscivores. These results add to the growing body of evidence that the introduction of top piscivores to small temperate lakes puts native minnow communities at high extinction risk.

Effects of Predation and Trophic Conditions on the Reproduction of Tylototriton verrucosus (Caudata: Salamandridae) in Darjeeling

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritwik Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Trophic Conditions ◽  
Size Frequency Distribution ◽  
Size Frequency ◽  
High Predation ◽  
Hatchling Size ◽  
Predation Rates

The facts that small hatchlings emerged from small eggs laid under high predation levels prevailing at the lower altitudes of distribution of this species in Darjeeling while larger hatchlings emerged from larger eggs laid under lower levels of predation at higher altitudes, show that predation is not selected for large egg and initial hatchling size in this salamandrid species. Metamorphic size was small under high predation rates because this species relied on crypsis for evading predators. Egg and hatchling size are related inversely to levels of primary productivity and zooplankton abundance in lentic habitats. Hatchling sizes are related positively to egg size and size frequency distribution of zooplankton. Small egg and small hatchling size have been selected for at the lower altitudes of distribution of this salamandrid in Darjeeling because predation rates increased in step with improvement in trophic conditions at the lower altitudes.

Mechanisms responsible for the niche shift of brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill, when living sympatrically with creek chub, Semotilus atromaculatus Mitchill

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1548-1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Magnan ◽  
Gérard J. FitzGerald
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Niche Shift ◽  
Intraspecific Aggression ◽  
Brook Charr ◽  
Semotilus Atromaculatus ◽  
High Level ◽  
Gill Raker ◽  
Creek Chub ◽  
Study Laboratory

When brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill, are in allopatry in oligotrophic Québec lakes, they feed largely on macrobenthic invertebrates. However, when brook charr cooccur with creek chub, Semotilus atromaculatus Mitchill, they feed largely on zooplankton. In the present study, laboratory experiments showed that creek chub were more effective than brook charr in searching for hidden, patchily distributed prey. The searching efficiency of an individual chub feeding in a group was improved through social facilitation. In contrast, the high level of intraspecific aggression observed in brook charr prevents the formation of such feeding groups. In the laboratory, brook charr were able to displace creek chub from the food source because of interspecific aggression. Data are presented showing that chub are morphologically better adapted than charr to feed on benthos (subterminal orientation of the mouth and protrusible premaxillae), while the charr are better adapted than chub to feed on zooplankton (gill raker structure). Differences in feeding behaviour, morphology, and relative abundance between these species appear to be important in the observed niche shift of brook charr in nature.

Redescription of Myxobolus rhinichthidis (Myxosporea) parasitizing Rhinichthys cataractae, with a revised taxonomic list of species of Myxobolus known from North American freshwater fishes

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (S1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Cone ◽  
Richard L. Raesly
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Front View ◽  
Spore Size ◽  
Rhinichthys Cataractae ◽  
Rhinichthys Atratulus ◽  
Large Round ◽  
Blacknose Dace ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Myxobolus rhinichthidis Fantham, Porter and Richardson, 1939 (Myxosporea) is redescribed from longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae) in Maryland. Large round plasmodia occurred in the connective tissue of the skin covering the head and opercular regions. Fixed spores are oval in front view and measure 11.5–14.5 μm long, 9.0–10.5 μm wide, and 6.0–7.0 μm thick. The polar capsules are 5.5–7.0 μm long and 3.0–3.5 μm wide. Photomicrographs of formalin-fixed spores document variation in spore size and shape. The report is the first for M. rhinichthidis since the species was described from blacknose dace (Rhinichthys atratulus) in Quebec. An updated list of species of Myxobolus Bütschli, 1882 reported from freshwater fishes in North America is provided. Myxobolus jahnricei Landsberg and Lom, 1991 is considered a junior synonym of Myxobolus filamentus Grinham and Cone, 1990; and Myxobolus lii Desser, 1993 and Myxobolus gibbosus Li and Desser, 1985 are junior synonyms of Myxobolus uvuliferus Cone and Anderson, 1977.

scholarly journals Multiple areas of acute vision in two freshwater teleosts, the creek chub, Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill) and the cutlips minnow, Exoglossum maxillingua (Lesueur)

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun P. Collin ◽  
M. Ather Ali
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Semotilus Atromaculatus ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Close Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Creek Chub ◽  
Freshwater Teleosts

The topography of Nissl-stained cells within the retinal ganglion cell layer is examined in two closely related freshwater teleosts from the family Cyprinidae. Regardless of the close phylogenetic relationship and the sympatric habitats of the two species, pronounced differences in the number and position of areas of increased cell density are observed in their retinae. in the creek chub, Semotilus atromaculatus, a midwater crepuscular feeder, three retinal specializations or areae centrales are identified in the dorsonasal, nasal, and temporal regions of the retina. In the cutlips minnow, Exoglossum maxillingua, a benthic diurnal feeder, two areae centrales are identified in temporal and nasal retina. The upper limits of the spatial resolving power of each species are calculated from the spacing of cells within the ganglion cell layer. Differences in the arrangement of isodensity contours appear to reflect the symmetry of each species' visual environment. The development and significance of up to three visually acute zones are discussed.

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