Behavioral Response of Blacknose Dace (Rhinichthys atratulus) to Varying Densities of Predatory Creek Chub (Semotilus atromaculatus)

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas F. Fraser ◽  
Edward E. Emmons
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Semotilus Atromaculatus ◽  
Piscivorous Fish ◽  
Natural Stream ◽  
Rhinichthys Atratulus ◽  
Blacknose Dace ◽  
Creek Chub ◽  
Term Benefit

We investigated the behavioral response of juvenile blacknose dace (Rhinichthys atratulus) to varying levels of predation risk by varying the density of predatory creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) and amount of structure in compartments of an artificial field stream. When structure in predator locations was low, dace did not avoid predators during the day but did at night, responding equally regardless of predator density. When structure was increased, the strength of avoidance at night was dependent on both the amount of structure and density of predators. Predators in experimental compartments caused dace to move to other locations of the stream. By moving away from predators, dace gain a short-term benefit in avoiding predation and a long-term benefit by reducing the chance of becoming trapped in pools with piscivorous fish when water levels in a natural stream drop. However, this shift could reduce feeding if dace move to locations poor for foraging or high in density of dace.

scholarly journals Batch spawning in five species of minnows (Cyprinidae) from Ontario, Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-328
Author(s):  
Norman W.S. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Spawning Season ◽  
Semotilus Atromaculatus ◽  
Cyprinid Species ◽  
Rhinichthys Atratulus ◽  
Batch Spawning ◽  
Blacknose Dace ◽  
Creek Chub

Batch spawning, the act of spawning more than once within a spawning season, is assessed in six species of minnows (Cyprinidae) from Ontario, Canada. The bimodal frequency distribution of egg size in mature specimens suggests that the following species are batch spawners: Blacknose Dace (Rhinichthys atratulus), Brassy Minnow (Hybognathus hankinsoni), Common Shiner (Luxilus cornutus), Creek Chub (Semotilus atromaculatus), and Hornyhead Chub (Nocomis biguttatus). However, there is no evidence that Northern Pearl Dace (Margariscus nachtriebi) is a batch spawner. Thus, we now have evidence that 11 of 39 cyprinid species in Ontario are batch spawners. Knowledge about the reproductive habits of these species should be integrated into the comprehensive standards for the protection of fish habitat in Ontario to ensure the survival of populations.

Effect of introduced piscivores on native minnow communities in Adirondack lakes

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Scott Findlay ◽  
Daniel G Bert ◽  
Ligang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Dolomieu ◽  
Semotilus Atromaculatus ◽  
Rhinichthys Atratulus ◽  
Adirondack Lakes ◽  
Pimephales Notatus ◽  
Creek Chub

We compared the minnow assemblages of Adirondack lakes with top piscivores with those of lakes having similar physiochemical and biotic characteristics but no top piscivores using a subset of data collected from 1984 to 87 by the Adirondack Lake Survey Corporation. Native minnow richness in lakes with top piscivores was about one third that of lakes without piscivores, with piscivore assemblages dominated by introduced species such as northern pike (Esox lucius), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), and smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu). There was strong evidence that at least four minnow species, including creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus), northern redbelly dace (Phoxinus eos), blacknose dace (Rhinichthys atratulus), and common shiner (Luxilus cornutus), were less likely to occur in lakes with piscivores; for a fifth species (pearl dace (Margariscus margarita)), the evidence is suggestive but not as strong. Of 13 minnow species, only for two nonnative species (bluntnose minnow (Pimephales notatus) and golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas)) was there strong evidence that their occurrence was unaffected by the presence of introduced piscivores. These results add to the growing body of evidence that the introduction of top piscivores to small temperate lakes puts native minnow communities at high extinction risk.

An experimental investigation of refuging behaviour in a minnow

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 666-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas F. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diel Cycle ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Semotilus Atromaculatus ◽  
Small Cover ◽  
Artificial Stream ◽  
Natural Stream ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Creek Chub

An artificial stream was used to experimentally investigate refuging behaviour in the creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus). When shelters were limited, adults dispersed from and returned to the area of the stream containing shelter on a diel cycle. Thus, they exhibited refuging behaviour as defined by Hamilton and Watt (W. J. Hamilton and K. E. F. Watt. 1970. Refuging. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 1: 263–284). However, when shelters were unlimited, adults did not aggregate in one location, indicating that adult refuging is conditioned by the dispersal of suitable shelters and that it is not a communal process as in roosting birds. In contrast with adults, when shelters were limited, young creek chub did not refuge. The differences in behaviour of the two size–age groups are consistent with observations from the natural stream, in that young chub can utilize small cover objects such as submerged leaves or employ crypsis to escape detection, rendering them less dependent than adults on cover. Further, high densities of juveniles in refuge locations would reduce their foraging efficiency and increase the risk of predation by piscivorous adults.

751 Long-term benefit of a hospital based heart failure programme: downgrading the risk of class IV patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
E RYAN ◽  
C OLOUGHLIN ◽  
M LEDWIDGE ◽  
B TRAVERS ◽  
M RYDER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Term Benefit ◽  
Class Iv

Short- and long-term dynamics of the physiological and behavioral response to heat stress and thymol supplementation in Japanese quail

2021 ◽  
pp. 102876
Author(s):  
Maria Emilia Fernandez ◽  
Maria Carla Labaque ◽  
Gabriel Orso ◽  
Raúl Hector Marin ◽  
Jackelyn Melissa Kembro
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Short And Long Term

scholarly journals Multiple Sclerosis Treated with Antithymocyte Globulin — A Five Year Follow-Up

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.F. Kastrukoff ◽  
D.R. McLean ◽  
T.A. McPherson
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Antithymocyte Globulin ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Term Benefit

SUMMARY:Multiple sclerosis patients treated with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) were re-evaluated after five years. No long term benefit was found. Notably, the group of patients with an elevated gamma globulin to total protein ration in their C.S.F. and who did particularly well after treatment with ATG also failed to show any long term benefit. Few long term detrimental effects of ATG immunosuppression were identified. The implications of the results are discussed as they relate to the use of immunosuppression in multiple sclerosis.

Tainted Love: The Trials and Tribulations of a Career in Animal Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siobhan O’Sullivan ◽  
Yvette Watt ◽  
Fiona Probyn-Rapsey
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Term Benefit

AbstractDeveloping an academic career can be exciting, rewarding and stimulating. It can also be challenging, disheartening, and highly insecure. Results from a survey of Animal Studies (AS) scholars identifies reasons why pursuing a career in AS might generate additional challenges, over and above those experienced by academics generally. For example, 44 percent of respondents stated that in their view, undertaking research in AS “creates challenges for an academic career.” This is compared to just 16 percent who thought that it is an advantage. Yet despite the challenges, there is much that is positive about AS. Participants described being in “dialogue with clever colleagues,” viewed their work as “totally engaging,” and reported feeling “morally useful.” This in turn affords AS scholars an authenticity that may be of long-term benefit in the competitive and constantly transforming world of higher education.

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